美国黑人史学的演变及其影响

发布时间：2018-01-19 12:30

本文关键词： 美国黑人史学历史教科书　出处：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：多元文化共存是美国社会的一大特征。在不同的历史时期，由于种族、文化等方面的多样性而引发的社会裂痕和冲突确实屡有发生。但是，族裔文化认同必然会导致与主流文化、国家认同相对抗吗？目前，国内学界的相关探讨多从美国文学、音乐、戏剧等角度分析黑人的文化认同与困惑。本文通过分析美国黑人史学的演变历程，尝试探讨少数民族历史记忆的构建及其对种族身份与国家认同的影响。正文共分三部分。第一部分介绍20世纪前美国主流历史叙述中的黑人形象及其影响，认为其对黑人的描述基本上都是负面的信息，例如“野蛮”、“未开化”等。对此，部分受过教育的黑人知识分子提出了自己的反对意见和争辩。第二部分主要分析迄20世纪上半叶美国黑人的文化觉醒与黑人史学的兴起。20世纪20年代哈莱姆文艺复兴之后，美国黑人史学家，如卡特·伍德森、约翰·霍普·富兰克林等逐渐增多起来。他们建立专门的黑人研究机构、出版研究黑人历史的期刊杂志，对美国社会文化产生了一定的影响。第三部分介绍20世纪60年代美国民权运动之后美国黑人史学及历史教科书的变化。此时，黑人史学家一方面继续关注美国主流历史对黑人的蔑视、歧视和忽略，强调黑人历史应该是美国国家历史中不可或缺的一部分；另一方面也重视美国的历史教育问题，讨论如何才能编写更加公正的教科书，，怎样才能使白人和黑人的孩子都能接受的真正的历史。本文的创新点在于从史学的发展情况探讨美国黑人的群体身份认同和国家认同；在叙述美国黑人史学发展的同时，通过分析历史教科书中黑人形象和历史的变化情况来反观黑人史学的社会影响。本文认为：作为美国最大的少数族裔群体之一，黑人因其特殊的历史经历，在与白人主流文化群体的互动关系中，逐渐意识到民族文化的重要性。黑人史学的兴起、发展和演变，就见证了美国黑人建构自己文化身份的努力。在一定意义上，它推动美国多元文化的发展，构成美国文化中不可缺少的部分。
[Abstract]:The coexistence of multiculturalism is a major feature of American society. In different historical periods, social cracks and conflicts caused by the diversity of race and culture do occur frequently. Will ethnic cultural identity inevitably lead to confrontation with mainstream culture and national identity? At present, the domestic academic circles mostly analyze the black cultural identity and confusion from American literature, music, drama and other angles. This paper analyzes the evolution of American black historiography. This paper attempts to explore the construction of ethnic minority historical memory and its influence on ethnic identity and national identity. The main body is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the black image and its influence in American mainstream historical narration before 20th century, and thinks that its description of black is basically negative information, such as "barbarism". "uncivilized" and so on. Some educated black intellectuals put forward their own objections and arguments. The second part mainly analyzes the cultural awakening of black Americans and the rise of black historiography in the first half of 20th century. After the Renaissance. Black American historians, such as Katie Woodson, John Hopper Franklin, and so on, have grown in number. They have set up specialized black research institutes and published periodicals and magazines devoted to the study of black history. The third part introduces the changes of American black historiography and history textbooks after the American Civil Rights Movement in 1960s. Black historians on the one hand continue to pay attention to the mainstream American history of black contempt, discrimination and neglect, emphasizing that black history should be an indispensable part of the national history of the United States; On the other hand, the issue of historical education in the United States was also emphasized, discussing how to write more just textbooks and how to make real history acceptable to both white and black children. The innovation of this paper is to discuss the group identity and national identity of black Americans from the perspective of the development of historiography. While narrating the development of American black historiography. By analyzing the black images and historical changes in history textbooks, this paper reviews the social impact of black historiography. This paper argues that as one of the largest minority ethnic groups in the United States, black people have special historical experiences. In the interaction with the white mainstream cultural group, gradually realized the importance of national culture. The rise, development and evolution of black historiography. In a sense, it promotes the development of American multiculturalism and forms an indispensable part of American culture.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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