生态女性主义的叙事伦理

发布时间：2018-01-31 14:09

本文关键词： 生态女性主义叙事伦理故事伦理叙述伦理　出处：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态女性主义（Eco-feminism）是在女权运动和生态运动的实践基础上产生的。20世纪80年代生态女性主义在美国开展起来后传至世界范围内。生态女性主义理论内容丰富，流派众多，主要有生态文化女性主义、社会生态女性主义、哲学生态女性主义等几个流派。生态女性主要也有自身的一些理论特点，它是一种生态批评而不是一种政治批评；它反对“男性中心”主义和“人类中心”主义的双重压迫；它的目的在于实现人类与自然地和谐相处，建立一个生态女性主义的乌托邦。生态女性主义者在伦理方面有着天然的要求。生态女性主义的叙事伦理体现在故事伦理和叙事伦理两个方面。生态女性主义的故事伦理在自然与女性之间的天然联系、对父权制及一切压迫的反对、伦理乌托邦的建构等三个方面有着突出的表现。在叙述伦理方面，生态女性主义者普遍认为，女性与自然所受到的压迫具有内在的一致性。要推翻这种压迫就要实现叙事理念的转变，具体而言就是要在叙事视角和故事主人公方面取得改变。生态女性的故事伦理首要强调的是自然与女性之间的天然联系。这种联系体现在生理决定论、约定俗成论、社会建构论等几个方面。对父权制压迫的反抗也是生态女性主要的故事伦理的重要组成部分。这种压迫主要来源于二元对立的伦理思想，生态女性主义作为后现代的一股力量正是要全力解构二元对立，从而推翻一切形式的压迫。生态女性主义的最终目的就是建立一个带有生态女性主义色彩的伦理乌托邦。在这个乌托邦中，人与人、男人与女人、人与其他动植物都是平等的，他们相互关联又彼此差异，人与自然建立起和谐共处的新秩序。生态女性的叙事伦理在叙事思维的转变上有着强烈的要求。生态女性主义学者沃伦提倡一种新的环境伦理——关怀环境伦理。它以爱、关怀、公正等为伦理原则，，把关怀和爱看作解决人与自然关系困境的有效原则。这种伦理观必然也带来叙事思维方式上的转变，生态女性主义力求将传统伦理学抽象的思维方式转变为情境式的叙事思维。这种叙事思维的转变在技巧上的反映是生态女性主义的小说多采用内聚焦的方式以及第一人称的视角。在生态女性主义的小说中，女性是毫无疑问的主人公，整个小说中充满着她们的形象，小说的情节都围绕着她们展开，男性沦为配角。
[Abstract]:Eco Feminism (Eco-feminism) is the.20 century 80s eco feminism in practice based on the feminist movement and ecological movement developed in the United States spread to the world. The theory of ecofeminism is rich in content, many schools, the main ecological and cultural feminism, feminist philosophy of social ecology, eco feminism etc. schools. There are also some main ecological women theory itself, it is a kind of ecological criticism rather than a political criticism; double oppression against the doctrine of "male centered" and "human center doctrine"; its purpose is to achieve human and natural harmony, building an ecological feminist Utopia ecofeminists. There is a natural requirement in ethics. The Eco feminist narrative ethics embodied in the two aspects of the story of ethics and narrative ethics. State Feminism story ethical natural connection between women and nature, of patriarchy and all oppression of the opposition, with outstanding performance in three aspects of Ethical Utopia construction. In the aspect of narrative ethics, ecological feminists generally believe that women and nature by oppression has inherent consistency. Change to overthrow the oppression to achieve narrative ideas, specifically the change made in the narrative perspective and thehero.
Ecofeminist story ethics emphasized that the primary is a natural connection between women and nature. This relationship is reflected in physiological determinism, conventional theory, several aspects of social constructivism. An important part of the patriarchal oppression against women is the main ecological ethics. This story mainly from ethics to oppression two opposites the eco feminism postmodernism as a force is to deconstruct the binary opposition between the two, to overthrow all forms of oppression. Ethical Utopia ecofeminism ultimate purpose is to build a eco feminism. In this utopia, man and man, man and woman, man and other animals plants are equal, they are interrelated with each other between man and nature, to establish a new order of harmonious coexistence.
Eco feminist narrative ethics has a strong in narrativethinking changes. The ecological feminist scholar Warren advocate a new environmental ethics environmental ethics. It takes care of love, care, just as ethical principles, take care and love as a valid principle to solve the relationship between man and nature. The ethics predicament it also brought about changes in the narrative mode of thinking, eco feminism seeks to traditionalethics abstract way of thinking into situational narrative thinking. This change is reflected in the narrative thinking skills is eco feminism novels by way of focusing and first person perspective. In the eco feminist novel there is no doubt, the female protagonist in the entire novel, filled with their image, the plot of the novel revolves around women, men reduced to a supporting role.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I109.9

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