研究《卢布林的魔术师》中辛格的写作主题

发布时间：2018-05-05 17:05

本文选题：《卢布林的魔术师》 + 叛离　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：当代美国著名犹太作家艾萨克·巴舍维斯·辛格以他的“慷慨激昂的叙述艺术和扎根于波兰犹太文化传统”获得了1978年诺贝尔文学奖。《卢布林的魔术师》被西方评论家们认为是辛格最好的长篇小说。本文以《卢布林的魔术师》为例,研究辛格的写作主题。辛格在《卢布林的魔术师》中体现的第一个写作主题是犹太民族的叛离与犹太传统身份的回归。犹太民族是一个特殊的民族,几千年前犹太人失去了自己的故土,分散到世界各地生存。在异国他乡的流离生活中犹太人被视为“异族”或“少数人群”,在这样的生活环境中,犹太文化受到严重的民族文化冲击,犹太人一边遭受着异化、隔离、歧视和宗教破坏,另一边又极力解放思想,希望能化解生存危机甚至被异族所接受。与世界上其他民族不同,犹太人拥有自己特殊的身份,而这一特殊身份早在希伯来《圣经》中所记录。犹太人以希伯来《圣经》和摩西十诫作为自己的行为准则,他们遵守上帝的话和摩西十诫,这也就是最后犹太人能回归自己传统身份的理由。作品中展现的第二个写作主题是同化现象。在美国,犹太人面临失去其民族文化遗产和被东道国家的文化所同化的危机。对于犹太人而言,美国不仅是一个可以让他们自由安全生活的“乐土”,同时也是充满生存机会的“宝地”。犹太文化的影响日趋下降,越来越多的犹太人尝试并接受美国的生活方式。辛格强烈抵抗这种同化,始终坚持着自己的犹太身份,其作品也都是使用犹太民族的语言一一意第绪语。对于一些犹太人,失去意第绪语,导致了失去犹太人身份,最终导致了失去犹太文化。因此,辛格一直坚持以意第绪语写作,也可视为反同化行为。在本文中出现的第三个写作主题是存在主义的运用。存在主义对辛格的影响很大。存在主义者称,如果人们希望存在,他们必须超越自身。主人公雅夏最终回归到犹太身份,是因为他超越了之前的上帝不存在的观念。身份回归是摆脱心灵孤独的方法,雅夏克服了重重困难才回归其身份。雅夏的这一信念告诉世人,要走很长的一段路才进入心灵的天堂。因为人们的精神力量还不足够强大,所以需要依靠宗教信念。存在主义者坚信,不管有多困难,人们必须为自己的行为负责,如果心里没有上帝存在,人们只能孤独的承受这些责任。当人们在不知如何做决定而又必须做决定的时,会使人们感到痛苦和绝望。辛格认为宗教信念和存在有着很大的关系,他对生活的绝望也折射出了人作为个体的存在。存在主义者认为人的一生中不可能摆脱痛苦、斗争、犯罪和宗教信念,只有上帝才能让人们真实的感到存在。本文作者通过《卢布林的魔术师》研究辛格写作主题,可以了解到作品传承的内容以及含义,让读者更好地理解辛格的写作主题和主人公雅夏的内心世界,从而能更好地研究犹太作品及犹太作品的主题。
[Abstract]:Isaac Basheves Singh, a famous contemporary American Jewish writer, won the 1978 Nobel Prize for literature for his impassioned narrative art and roots in Polish Jewish culture. Critics consider Singh's best novel. This paper takes the magician of Lublin as an example to study the theme of Singh's writing. Singh's first writing theme in the Magician of Lublin is the renegade of the Jewish people and the return of the Jewish traditional identity. Jewish people is a special people, thousands of years ago Jews lost their homeland, scattered around the world to survive. In the diaspora, Jews are considered "alien" or "minority". In such a living environment, Jewish culture is severely impacted by national culture, and the Jewish side is subjected to alienation, segregation, discrimination and religious destruction. The other side tried to emancipate the mind, hoping to defuse the existential crisis and even be accepted by other peoples. Unlike other peoples in the world, Jews have their own special identity, which is recorded in the Hebrew Bible. The Jews take the Hebrew Bible and the Ten Commandments of Moses as their own code of conduct. They obey the word of God and the Ten Commandments of Moses, which is the reason why the Jews can return to their traditional identity. The second theme of writing is assimilation. In the United States, Jews face the risk of losing their national cultural heritage and being assimilated by the culture of the host country. For Jews, America is not only a land of freedom and safety, but also a land of survival. The influence of Jewish culture is declining, and more and more Jews try and accept the American way of life. Singh strongly resisted this assimilation and always insisted on his Jewish identity, and his works also used the language of the Jewish nation-Yiddish. For some Jews, the loss of Yiddish resulted in the loss of Jewish identity and ultimately the loss of Jewish culture. Therefore, Singh always insists on writing in Yiddish, which can also be regarded as anti-assimilation. The third theme of writing in this paper is the application of existentialism. Existentialism has a great influence on Singh. Existentialists say that if people want to exist, they must go beyond themselves. Yasha, the protagonist, finally returns to Jewish status because he transcends the previous concept of God's non-existence. Identity return is a way to get rid of the loneliness of the soul. Yasha overcame many difficulties before returning to her identity. Yasha's faith tells the world that it takes a long way to get into the heaven of the soul. Because people's spiritual strength is not strong enough, they need to rely on religious beliefs. Existentialists firmly believe that, no matter how difficult, people must be responsible for their actions, if God does not exist in the heart, people can only bear these responsibilities alone. People feel pain and despair when they don't know how to make a decision and have to make a decision. Singh believes that religious beliefs and existence have a great relationship, his despair of life also reflects the existence of man as an individual. Existentialists believe that it is impossible to escape pain, struggle, crime and religious beliefs in a lifetime, and that only God can make people feel real existence. By studying the theme of Singer's writing, the author can understand the content and meaning of the works' inheritance, so that readers can better understand the theme of Singh's writing and the inner world of Yaxia, the protagonist. In order to better study Jewish works and the theme of Jewish works.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

【共引文献】