论安德森《小镇畸人》中的心理畸人

发布时间：2018-05-26 21:23

本文选题：安德森 + 《小镇畸人》　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：舍伍德·安德森是美国现代文学史上地位特殊的作家,因其对福克纳和菲茨杰拉德等影响深远,享有“现代美国作家导师"的美誉。安德森对工业革命带来的社会剧变极其敏感,致力于表现现代人的异化和人性的扭曲。在其最具影响力的代表作《小镇畸人》中,安德森以俄亥俄州小镇温斯堡为背景,成功塑造了在迅速变迁的时代里生活的畸人的人物群像。本论文将安德森置于怪诞文学传统中,通过细致分析《小镇畸人》中的畸人形象,探讨安德森独具一格的心理畸人理论及其成因,揭示安德森的怪诞艺术的意蕴及其深远影响。安德森赋予怪诞以新的含义—怪诞的主要特点不再局限于幻想的、超自然的现象,而是升华到孤独与异化的心理领域。《小镇畸人》作为“现代怪诞结晶”的代表作,刻画了一群异化了的孤独的“心理畸人”。在缺乏温情甚至充满敌意的外部世界里,他们如此执着地追寻着自己的“真理”,以至于变得无所适从,丧失了享受其他人生体验的能力,异化于外部世界。本论文由引言、正文和结语三大部分构成,其中正文分为三章。第一章分析安德森对怪诞理论的继承与发展,界定“心理畸人”概念,即指那些拥抱真理并且试图以真理为生而遭遇各种失败与创伤后内心产生畸变的人。受表现主义艺术影响,安德森将这种内心畸变外化成外貌的怪诞和言语行为的怪诞,并以此将心理畸人分为两类。第二章重点分析外貌怪诞的心理畸人。这一类心理畸人在追寻“创造力”、“永恒真理”、“母爱”及“自尊”真理中,因为遭受挫败,内心受到重创,极度自我怀疑、异化、偏执与仇恨等内心畸变最终以表现主义艺术形式——怪诞的外貌如怪诞的手、指关节、脸和身体形象生动外化出来。第三章分析具有怪诞语言活动的心理畸人。这一类心理畸人在追寻“梦想”、“共同性”、“身份”及“成功”真理中,内心遭受严重挫伤,心理畸变表现在无助的词不达意、无意义的重复与滔滔不绝以及压抑的言语功能的怪诞言语活动中。第四章分析安德森的心理畸人创作的文学和美学意义。安德森“心理畸人”的书写有力结合了怪诞理论与现代主义主题中孤独与异化,影响了后来一批美国文学作家的怪诞创作特别是将现实和哥特式文学融合,极具文学影响力。同时,安德森笔下的“心理畸人”内心的异化、孤独、焦虑、无意识等通过怪诞的外表或行为表现出来,用美学中的“丑”有力地展示人性的扭曲与真实,具有现代美学意义。通过《小镇畸人》,安德森着力表现在社会和环境重压下,小镇居民的生存境况及心理状态,用同情的笔触刻画内心畸变的“心理畸人”,发掘他们内心的症结。安德森的“心理畸人”理论和文学形象使他在怪诞文学中占据举足轻重的地位。
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson is a special writer in the history of modern American literature. Because of his profound influence on Faulkner and Fitzgerald, he enjoys the reputation of "teacher of Modern American Writers". Anderson is extremely sensitive to the social upheaval brought about by the Industrial Revolution and devotes himself to expressing the alienation and distortion of human nature. In his most influential masterpiece, the small Town Man, Anderson takes the small town of Winsborough, Ohio, as the background and successfully shapes the images of the abnormal people living in the rapidly changing times. In this paper, Anderson is placed in the tradition of grotesque literature, through the careful analysis of the image of the teratons in the small town, this paper probes into Anderson's unique theory of psychodontics and its causes, and reveals the implication of Anderson's grotesque art and its profound influence. Anderson gives new meaning to grotesque-the main features of grotesque are no longer confined to fantasy, supernatural phenomena, but sublimated to the psychological field of loneliness and alienation. It depicts a group of alienated and lonely "psychopaths". In the lack of warmth and even hostility in the external world, they are so persistent in pursuing their own "truth" that they become confused, lose the ability to enjoy other life experiences, and alienate themselves from the outside world. This thesis is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, in which the text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes Anderson's inheritance and development of grotesque theory, and defines the concept of "psychopaths", that is, those who embrace truth and try to make a living from truth and suffer from various failures and inner distortions after trauma. Influenced by expressionist art, Anderson externalizes this kind of inner distortion into the grotesque of appearance and the grotesque of speech act, and classifies psychological malformation into two categories. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of grotesque psychopaths. In the pursuit of "creativity", "eternal truth", "maternal love" and "self-esteem", this kind of psychopaths suffer heavy losses, extreme self-doubt and alienation. The inner distortion, such as paranoia and hatred, is finally externalized by the artistic form of expressionism-grotesque appearance such as grotesque hand, knuckles, face and body. The third chapter analyzes the psychopaths with grotesque language activities. In the pursuit of "dream", "commonality", "identity" and "success" truth, this kind of psychopaths suffer serious internal contusion, and psychological distortion is manifested in helpless words. Meaningless repetition and gushing as well as repressed speech function in grotesque speech activities. Chapter four analyzes the literary and aesthetic significance of Anderson's psychological teratons. Andersen's writing of "psychodontics" combines the theory of grotesque with the theme of modernism, and influences the grotesque creation of a group of American literary writers, especially the combination of reality and Gothic literature, which has great literary influence. At the same time, the alienation, loneliness, anxiety and unconsciousness of the mind in Anderson's works show the distortion and reality of human nature with the "ugliness" in aesthetics, which is of modern aesthetic significance. According to the book, Andersen exerts himself under the pressure of society and environment, the living condition and psychological state of the townspeople, and portrays the "psychological malformed people" with sympathetic strokes to find out the crux of their heart. Anderson's theory of "psychopaths" and literary images make him play an important role in grotesque literature.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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