镜中欲望：《人性的污秽》的拉康式解读

发布时间：2018-06-30 08:24

本文选题：《人性的污秽》 + 拉康　；参考：《华侨大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在《人性的污秽》中，菲利普·罗斯（1933-）以细腻的笔触，敏锐的洞察力，剖析人物的内心世界，探讨基于欲望的各种生存方式：小说中的主人公游离在现实与虚幻之间，脱离自己的种族，以一种悖论的方式追寻自我，欲求不可得之物；其他角色似乎也在上演一幕幕被“欲火”焚身的惨剧，被嫉妒，仇恨和绝望所吞噬。欲望是该小说着力表现的主题，而欲望问题也是精神分析的重要内容，这是本论文的理据之所在。雅克·拉康（1901-1981）是当代精神分析大师，对欲望有着独特的见解。拉康认为人的欲望是一种基于缺乏的欲望，欲望对象本质上是一种缺乏，总是在象征秩序的彼岸，是永远延迟的东西。依托其“镜像理论”，拉康指出欲望从一开始就是以“他人”的欲望形式显现，因此，“他性”是人类主体的根本属性。但当主体经历了镜像阶段进入象征界，，欲望变成“他者”的欲望。拉康的欲望理论揭示欲望真谛的同时，也探讨了欲望背后隐藏的东西及欲望对人类主体的建构作用。本文运用拉康的欲望理论分析小说文本，试图更深入地探讨《人性的污秽》中的欲望问题。小说中主要人物以悖论的方式欲求不可得之物，其深层动因与镜像阶段的体验不无关系。本文从宏观和微观两个层面考察《人性的污秽》中的镜像维度，即社会历史语境和个体的无意识世界，从而发现镜像在主体构建和欲望追寻过程中既是一种推动力，也是一种破坏力。鉴于罗斯的创作理念和该小说的叙事策略，笔者还探讨了欲望和叙事的关系：叙事是欲望的载体；欲望是叙事的发动机。本文以拉康的欲望理论为框架，将理论渗透到文本分析中，力图更透彻地理解欲望在人物精神活动和身份构建中的作用。我们发现，正是在欲望的驱使下，主体不断探讨生存最彻底的维度，突破外界的束缚。从中，我们可以看到罗斯对欲望的独特见解。
[Abstract]:In "the filth of Human Nature", Philip Ross (1933-) analyzes the inner world of the characters with exquisite brushwork, sharp insight, and explores the various ways of life based on desire: the protagonist in the novel drifts between reality and illusion. Separate from one's own race, pursue oneself in a paradoxical way, seeking the unreachable things; other characters seem to have staged scenes of horrors, engulfed by jealousy, hatred, and despair. Desire is the theme of the novel, and the question of desire is also an important part of psychoanalysis, which is the motivation of this thesis. Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) is a contemporary psychoanalytic master with a unique view of desire. Lacan holds that human desire is a desire based on lack, and the object of desire is essentially a lack, always on the other side of the symbolic order, something that is always delayed. Relying on his "mirror theory", Lacan points out that desire is manifested in the form of "other's" desire from the beginning, so "otherness" is the fundamental attribute of human subject. But when the subject goes through the mirroring stage and enters the symbolic realm, desire becomes the desire of the other. While Lacan's theory of desire reveals the true meaning of desire, it also probes into the hidden things behind desire and the constructional effect of desire on human subject. This paper uses Lacan's desire theory to analyze the text of the novel, and tries to probe into the problem of lust in "the filth of Human Nature". The deep motivation of the main characters in the novel is related to the experience of mirror stage. This paper examines the mirror dimension in the pollution of Human Nature from the macro and micro aspects, that is, the social and historical context and the unconscious world of the individual, and finds that the mirror image is both a driving force in the process of the subject construction and the pursuit of desire. It is also a destructive power. In view of Ross' creative idea and the narrative strategy of the novel, the author also discusses the relationship between desire and narrative: narrative is the carrier of desire and desire is the engine of narrative. This paper takes Lacan's desire theory as the frame, penetrates the theory into the text analysis, tries to understand the desire in the character spirit activity and the identity construction function thoroughly. We find that it is under the drive of desire that the subject constantly explores the most thorough dimension of existence and breaks through the bondage of the outside world. In this we can see Ross's unique view of desire.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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