从《深河》看远藤周作基督教文学中的爱的思想

发布时间：2018-06-30 17:40

本文选题：深河 + 远藤周作　；参考：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：对天主教作家远藤周作（1923-1996）作品中的耶稣像和耶稣之爱的研究一直是远藤周作研究中的一个重要课题。但相对于数量庞大的其早期作品而言。由于受作家去世的影响，对有“集大成之作”之称的作者的最后一部长篇小说《深河》研究数量骤减。在此背景下选取该小说中的主要出场人物、并采用合适的方法对作品中表现出来的各种“爱”与耶稣之爱的关联加以考察，进而阐明《深河》中远藤的基督教文学中的爱的思想显得非常必要。从第二章开始，笔者就天主教作家远藤周作终其一生诉说的耶稣之爱结合其著作年表，自1947-1993的作品依照作家对耶稣之爱的理解程度分为了矛盾阶段，相互理解阶段，以及融合阶段。而其三个阶段的作品中的耶稣形象最后归结为母性之神，具体体现为“人生同路人”。同时笔者也认为远藤的“人生同路人”的母性之神的追求归因于作者青年在法国留学时遭受的歧视以及晚年患病时体会到的孤独感，此外日本传统宗教中的观音以及古神道对母体的敬畏习惯也对作为日本人的作家产生了一定影响。在第三章中，将远藤一贯阐述的“人生同路人”的耶稣之爱投射于作品中的矶边与妻子的夫妇之爱和童话作家沼田的人与动物之爱进行了论述，而第四章中则通过女主人公美津子和神父大津各自追求的“真正的爱”以及“洋葱的爱”阐明了耶稣的爱是一种无偿的爱。具体来看，矶边的夫妇之爱是通过身患癌症的妻子临死之前的转世遗言从而引发出他为寻找妻子的转世印度之旅展开的，目睹了恒河的矶边妻子对自己的爱与恒河形象加以重合，最终得出所谓夫妇的缘分就是人生同路人的缘分这一结论。接着论述了将作者自身经历大量投射其中的童话作家的沼田，他与作者同样喜欢以基督教救赎为主题的法国画家鲁奥的绘画，而其之所以与少年时饲养的狗—小黑以及成年后买来的犀鸟、九宫鸟能够进行灵魂的沟通正是由于从动物身上感受到了鲁奥画中对苦难充分理解的人生同路人的耶稣形象。在第四章笔者采用了荣格的原型理论，考察了美津子追求的真正的爱是无偿的耶稣之爱，其中，通过美津子将忍受病痛，依然用萎缩的乳房喂奶给孩子与印度共患难的女神查姆达的形象与大津，进而是瘦弱的耶稣重叠从而印证了耶稣的无偿的爱。而通过神父大津将代表母性的恒河与“洋葱”相结合考察出“洋葱之爱”是一种无偿的爱，大津更是在恒河上实践了这一无偿的爱。此外，远藤在《深河》中使用了“转世”这一概念使其贯穿于四个出场人物之中，，使得耶稣之爱得到了进一步的升华。
[Abstract]:The study of the image of Jesus and the love of Jesus in the works of Catholic writer Endo Shusaku (1923-1996) has been an important subject in the study of Endo Shusaku. But relative to a large number of his early works. As a result of the writer's death, the number of studies on the author's last novel, Deep River, has plummeted. In this context, the main characters in the novel are selected, and the relationship between the "love" and the love of Jesus is investigated by appropriate methods. It is necessary to expound the thought of love in the Christian literature of Shenghe. From the second chapter, the author divides his works from 1947-1993 into contradictory stages and mutual understanding stages according to the writer's understanding of Jesus love, according to the love of Jesus told by Catholic writer Endo Shusaku all his life combined with the chronology of his works. And the fusion stage. The image of Jesus in the three stages of his works comes down to the god of motherhood, which is embodied in "fellow passers-by in life". At the same time, the author also believes that the pursuit of the maternal god of Endo's "fellow passers-by" is attributed to the discrimination suffered by the author's youth while studying abroad in France and the loneliness he experienced in his old age when he fell ill. In addition, the Guanyin in the traditional Japanese religion and the reverence of the ancient Shinto to the mother also had a certain influence on the Japanese writer. In the third chapter, the love of Jesus, which is consistently described by Endo, is projected to the love of wife and couple in his works, and the love of man and animal of fairy tale writer Maruda. In the fourth chapter, the author explains that Jesus' love is a kind of free love through the "true love" and "onion love" which the heroine and Father Dazin pursue. Specifically, the love of the couple in Cepin was triggered by the reincarnation of his wife with cancer before she died, leading him to a journey to reincarnation India in search of his wife. After seeing the Ganges wife overlap her love with the image of the Ganges, the conclusion is that the fate of the couple is the fate of the same person in life. Then the author discusses the author's own experience of a large projection of the fairy tale writer, he and the author of the same theme of the Christian salvation of the French painter Ruo painting, And the reason he was able to communicate with the young dog, Little Black, and the hococeros he bought in adulthood, was because of the image of Jesus, a fellow human being, who understood the suffering in the animal painting. In the fourth chapter, the author adopts Jung's archetypal theory to investigate that the true love pursued by Mizin is the free love of Jesus. Still breast-feeding the child with shrunken breasts, the image of the Hindu goddess Chamda overlaps with that of the emaciated Jesus, thus testifying to Jesus' unremunerated love. Through Father Dajin, he combined the Ganges, which represents motherhood, with the Onion, and found out that Onion Love is a kind of free love, and Onion practices this free love on the Ganges River. In addition, the concept of reincarnation is used in the Deep River to further sublimate the love of Jesus.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I313.074

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