存在主义视角下的《动物庄园》和《1984》研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 12:16

本文选题：《动物庄园》 + 《1984》　；参考：《广西师范学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：乔治·奥威尔最为著名的两部小说《动物庄园》和《1984》再现了独裁统治下无辜个体所面临的恐怖现实，许多评论家对此赞美有加，称这两部小说是对人类未来世界极其生动的预言和警示。纵观国内外对两部小说的研究，焦点大多集中在讨论小说的反集权和反乌托邦主题上，，另外，小说《动物庄园》未受到足够的关注。并且，从两部小说的内容上看，小说《1984》可以被解读为《动物庄园》的进一步发展阶段。奥威尔对政治给人们生活带来的影响很是敏感，他的小说和杂文都关注政治和人们生活的关系，这也表明了他对人们命运的关注，而在这两部小说中表现得尤为突出——集权世界的建立以及人类社会在荒唐中消失殆尽。同时，小说中的主人翁都能够勇敢自信地为各自珍视的信仰而奋斗。因此，奥威尔创作这两部小说的意图可以解读为引导绝望中的人们朝着自由和希望之路前行，即使自由匮乏、希望渺茫。本文拟以萨特的存在主义解读两部小说，探讨集权制度下人们生活处境的完整画面。萨特存在主义产生于20世纪40年代，被认为是最有影响力和最为全面的哲学体系，它不仅揭示了人类存在的荒诞和困境还强调通过自由选择和行动来实现人的存在价值。同样，小说《动物庄园》和《1984》展现出对未来社会的绝望看法但又不遗余力地鼓励自由选择和行动，即使生活在黑暗绝望的境地。从这个意义上来说，两部小说均表达出了存在主义核心观点，这也反映了奥威尔本人关心人的存在和困境。本论文由五章组成。第一章简要介绍《动物庄园》和《1984》及其国内外研究现状以及萨特存在主义的基本观点。第二章讨论小说中人的存在和困境。第三章是重点章节，主要探讨小说的自由选择和行动问题。这一章有三个部分：主要角色渴望自由选择；雪球和包克赛寻求自我；温斯顿和茱莉亚寻求人性自由。第四章对上一章中自由选择和行动的结果进行评估。第五章对本研究做出总结。存在主义解读小说《动物庄园》和《1984》是对奥威尔小说研究的丰富和发展。更重要的是通过本研究可以找到暗含在小说中寻求自由和希望的生存之道。
[Abstract]:George Orwell's two most famous novels, Animal Farm and 1984, recreate the horrific reality that innocent individuals faced under dictatorship, which many critics praise. The two novels are very vivid prophecies and warnings to the future world of mankind. Throughout the study of the two novels at home and abroad, the focus is mostly on the anti-centralization and anti-utopian themes of the novel, in addition, the novel Animal Farm has not received enough attention. Moreover, from the content of the two novels, < 1984 > can be interpreted as the further development stage of Animal Farm. Orwell is very sensitive to the impact of politics on people's lives. His novels and essays are concerned about the relationship between politics and people's lives, which also shows his concern for people's destiny. Especially in these two novels-the establishment of centralized world and the disappearance of human society in absurdity. At the same time, the protagonists in the novel can bravely and confidently fight for their cherished beliefs. Therefore, Orwell's intention to write these two novels can be interpreted as guiding the desperate people to the road of freedom and hope, even if freedom is scarce, the hope is slim. In this paper, Sartre's existentialism is used to interpret the two novels to explore the complete picture of people's living situation under the centralization system. Sartre existentialism, born in the 1940s, is considered to be the most influential and comprehensive philosophical system. It not only reveals the absurdity and dilemma of human existence, but also emphasizes the realization of human existence value through free choice and action. Similarly, the novels Animal Farm and 1984 show a desperate view of the future but spare no effort to encourage free choice and action, even in the dark and desperate. In this sense, both novels express the core ideas of existentialism, which also reflects Orwell's concern for the existence and plight of human beings. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces Animal Farm and < 1984, as well as the domestic and foreign research status and Sartre existentialism. The second chapter discusses the existence and predicament of man in the novel. The third chapter is the key chapter, mainly discusses the free choice and the action question of the novel. There are three parts in this chapter: the main characters yearn for freedom of choice; snowball and Boxer seek self; Winston and Julia seek human freedom. Chapter 4 evaluates the results of free choice and action in the previous chapter. Chapter five summarizes this research. Existentialist interpretation of Animal Farm and < 1984 is the enrichment and development of Orwell's novel study. More importantly, through this study, we can find the way to seek freedom and hope in the novel.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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