基于文学人类学理论阐述《印度之行》的跨文化主题及启示

发布时间：2018-09-11 19:49

【摘要】：《印度之行》是爱·摩·福斯特最具有代表性的作品。自其1924年发表之初,便受到了众多的关注。不同角度的研究与评论无疑丰富了对小说的解读。《印度之行》这部小说,从一方面来讲,探讨了当时时代中所存在的复杂的政治和宗教问题；从另一方面来说,它将主题重点放在追求不同文化的联结和沟通上,而这一点也吸引了越来越多的学者对小说的跨文化主题进行探讨和研究。显然小说中故事情节的发生与发展均是围绕着探讨时代背景下英印双方能否实现真正意义上的跨文化交流来展开的,而这也正是本篇论文的关注点。与之前研究不同,本篇论文将从波亚托斯的文学人类学这一跨学科理论出发,证明和揭示英印双方存在的巨大文化差异以及这些文化差异对于双方实现真正意义上的跨文化交流所起到的阻碍性作用。在文学人类学中,波亚托斯认为文化可进一步划分为感官层面系统和智性层面系统,每一系统中又包含着众多子系统。感官层面系统主要包括肢体语言,交流距离,食物,建筑形式,居住环境等微观因素。这些因素与日常生活联系紧密。在《印度之行》这部小说中,很多方面都可以归属于感官层面系统。英国人和印度人在生活中的各个方面有着完全不同的特征。他们对同一肢体语言往往会有不同的理解；在表达相同的意思时,他们也会通过截然不同的方式来实现。除此之外,双方的饮食习惯和所适应的居住环境也有很大的差异性。通过对比研究双方在感官层面系统中的特征,其之间存在的巨大文化差异得到了充分的印证,而恰恰是这样的文化差异引起了双方的误解和偏见,最终阻碍了双方的跨文化交流。与感官层面系统相比较,智性层面系统关注更多的是宏观方面的因素,它可以进一步划分为宗教,社会,政治,艺术等。通过对小说中英国与印度双方在宗教信仰,婚姻观念,艺术偏好以及人与动物关系方面的对比研究,双方在智性层面系统中所存在的差异及这些差异对其跨文化交流所产生的负面影响得到了证实。通过对小说中英印双方在感官层面系统与智性层面系统中的对比分析,英国殖民者与印度被殖民者之间的文化差异等到了全面的证实。而两者之间的文化差异对双方跨文化交流的阻碍性作用也得到了印证。除此之外,殖民主义的时代背景更是加剧了这样的阻碍作用。尽管小说中的跨文化交流以失败告终,但是从这样的经验教训中,该篇论文总结出了对当今社会跨文化交流具有指导性的建议,即：双方只有在相互尊重和平等的基础上,深入地了解对方和本土的文化,并坚持不懈地解决过程遇到的各种困难,才能实现真正意义上的跨文化交流。
[Abstract]:The Journey to India is the most representative work of Aimo Foster. Since its publication in 1924, it has received a lot of attention. Studies and comments from different angles undoubtedly enrich the interpretation of the novel. The novel, A Journey to India, explores, on one hand, the complex political and religious problems of the times; on the other hand, It focuses on the pursuit of cultural connection and communication, which has attracted more and more scholars to explore and study the cross-cultural theme of the novel. Obviously, the occurrence and development of the story plot in the novel revolves around whether Britain and India can realize the real cross-cultural communication under the background of the times, and this is the focus of this paper. Unlike previous studies, this paper will begin with Boatos's interdisciplinary theory of literary anthropology. To prove and reveal the great cultural differences between Britain and India and the obstructing effect of these cultural differences on the realization of real cross-cultural communication between the two sides. In literary anthropology Boatos holds that culture can be further divided into sensory and intellectual systems each of which contains many subsystems. Sensory level system mainly includes body language, communication distance, food, architectural form, living environment and other micro factors. These factors are closely related to daily life. In Journey to India, many aspects of the novel can be attributed to sensory systems. Britons and Indians have completely different characteristics in every aspect of their lives. They tend to have different interpretations of the same body language; when they express the same meaning, they do it in very different ways. In addition, the two sides of the eating habits and adapt to the living environment is also very different. Through a comparative study of the characteristics of both sides in the sensory system, the great cultural differences between them have been fully confirmed, and it is precisely such cultural differences that cause misunderstanding and prejudice on both sides. Finally, it hindered the cross-cultural communication between the two sides. Compared with the sensory system, the intellectual level pays more attention to the macro factors, which can be further divided into religious, social, political, artistic and so on. Through a comparative study of Britain and India on religious beliefs, marriage concepts, artistic preferences and human and animal relations in the novel, The differences between the two sides in the intellectual system and the negative effects of these differences on their cross-cultural communication have been confirmed. Through a comparative analysis of the sensory and intellectual systems in the novel, the cultural differences between the British colonists and the Indian colonists have been fully confirmed. And the cultural differences between the two sides of the cross-cultural communication between the obstruction role has also been confirmed. In addition, the background of colonialism has exacerbated such a hindrance. Although the cross-cultural communication in the novel ended in failure, from such experiences and lessons, the paper concludes some guiding suggestions for cross-cultural communication in today's society, that is, the two sides can only base on mutual respect and equality. Only by deeply understanding each other's and native culture, and unswervingly solving all kinds of difficulties encountered in the process, can real cross-cultural communication be realized.
【学位授予单位】：大连外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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