用历史编撰元小说理论分析《食人者》

发布时间：2018-11-02 08:57

【摘要】：约翰·霍克斯作为美国著名后现代主义先驱作家，名誉颇丰。他的创作就以充满大胆、实验和反叛精神而著称。1949年，霍克斯发表了他迄今为止被评论家公认为最深刻，最成功的作品，也是以第二次世界大战为背景的最优秀的“实验性”小说之一——《食人者》。本文从“历史编撰元小说”的角度解读《食人者》，认为其既具有元小说自我指涉的特征，又悖谬地指向了外在的历史现实，而其“自指性”不仅没有削弱、反倒增强了文本对社会历史的“它指”功能。小说通过自揭虚构等元小说技巧，在将历史作为故事讲述的过程中凸出了历史的虚构性和叙述性，进而揭露了“客观”、“真实”的历史文本中隐藏的叙事逻辑和意识形态，揭露了历史甚至我们生活的现实世界，是怎样按照话语霸权被虚构的。作为“历史编撰元小说”，《食人者》不再是激进元小说的自我指涉、自我沉醉、脱离历史、无关现实，而是在自我意识的掩盖下强烈地指向了社会权力话语的运作和意识形态对话。根据这一目的，本论文将进行如下论述：第一部分为引言，，简要介绍了霍克斯的生平、成就和他的主要作品，总结了国内外对霍克斯以及《食人者》的研究现状。第二部分为理论框架，主要介绍了琳达哈钦对历史、文本和权力话语之间复杂关系的重新解码与编码，最后提出了“历史编撰元小说”的理论主张。这部分还着重介绍了“历史编撰元小说”的特征：运用元小说的叙事策略自我指涉的同时又悖谬的指向了外部的历史世界，是元小说与历史编纂学的结合。第三部分和第四部分结合“历史编撰元小说”的特征和功能对《食人者》进行分析。第五部分是结论，重申《食人者》的“历史编撰元小说”特征、历史的主观性以及隐藏在小说和历史文本下的意识形态和权利话语关系。
[Abstract]:John Hawks is a famous American postmodernist writer with a good reputation. His works are known for their boldness, experimentation and rebelliousness. In 1949, Hawks published what critics so far consider to be the most profound and successful work. It is also one of the best "experimental" novels set in World War II. This paper interprets the Eaters from the angle of "Historical compilation of Meta-Fictions", and holds that it has the characteristics of self-referential reference in metafiction, and paradoxically points to the external historical reality, and its "self-pointing" is not only not weakened, but also has not been weakened. Instead, it strengthens the text's function of referring to social history. The novel reveals the fictional and narrative nature of history in the process of telling history as a story, and then exposes the narrative logic and ideology hidden in the historical texts of "objectivity" and "truth". It reveals how history and even the real world in which we live are fabricated according to discourse hegemony. As a "historical compilation of metafiction", the cannibalism is no longer the self-reference of radical metafiction, self-intoxicating, divorced from history, irrelevant to reality. But under the cover of self-consciousness, it strongly points to the operation of social power discourse and ideological dialogue. According to this purpose, this thesis will be discussed as follows: the first part is the introduction, briefly introduces Hawkes' life, achievements and his main works, and summarizes the current research situation of Hawks and the cannibals at home and abroad. The second part is the theoretical framework, which mainly introduces Lindahachin's redecoding and encoding of the complex relationship between history, text and power discourse, and finally puts forward the theoretical proposition of "Historical compilation Metafiction". This part also focuses on the features of "Historical compilation of Metafiction": the use of the narrative strategy of meta-fiction refers to the external historical world at the same time, which is the combination of metafiction and historical compilation. The third part and the fourth part analyze the cannibalism by combining the features and functions of Historical compilation Metafiction. The fifth part is the conclusion, which restates the feature of historical compilation metafiction, the subjectivity of history and the relationship between ideology and right discourse hidden in the novel and historical text.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074

【共引文献】