抗日战争时期华北解放区戏曲研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 14:27

本文选题：抗日战争时期　切入点：华北解放区　出处：《中国艺术研究院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：抗日战争爆发后,中国的版图被划分成沦陷区、国统区和解放区,戏曲艺术也遭到了空前的破坏。华北解放区,包括晋察冀边区、晋绥边区、晋冀鲁豫边区和山东区,是各解放区中地域最广、战略地位显著的敌后战场。这里条件异常艰苦、时局变幻不定,但是戏曲剧种没有灭亡甚至部分剧种还获得了发展,在军队、地方,以及广大的农村涌现出了众多的戏剧团体,他们在民族危亡之际成为抗敌救国的重要武器,是政治和文化的统一体。在戏曲演出环境遭到破坏,戏曲艺人颠沛流离,演出出现剧本荒之时,轰轰烈烈的民族救亡运动要求戏曲积极地进行配合,戏曲改革应运而生。广大戏曲工作者在解放区统一领导下,对戏曲进行了从艺人思想文化、生活作风,到剧目思想内容、表演形式、管理制度等方面的改革。这一时期的改革与中华人民共和国成立之后的戏曲改革没有必然联系,但是却为其进行了必要的准备。如何对待戏曲等民族艺术,文艺的民族化、大众化,普及与提高的关系等诸多问题在文化界引起了较大的论争。1942年毛泽东同志《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》发表,从理论上对一系列文艺问题作出了精辟的论述,进一步明确了文艺的发展方向、宗旨、方针、政策。在《讲话》的影响下,戏曲坚持为广大人民群众服务,积极地反映抗日根据地人民的生活,并在艺术上进行积极地探索,与民族抗敌运动齐头并进取得了较大成就。华北解放区戏曲剧目建设巩固发展,现代戏、传统戏、新编历史剧竞相上演,其中现代戏占整个演出的53%,出现了《小二黑结婚》、《血泪仇》等影响较大的作品,实现了政治性与艺术性的统一。众多戏曲剧目的创作演出,不仅促进了抗敌救亡运动的开展,丰富了人民群众的文娱生活,同时也推进了戏曲现代化的进程。戏曲以独特的民族特色、深厚的群众基础、丰富的表现手段,以及较好的演出效果,成为华北解放区文化活动的主体。抗战时期华北解放区的戏曲活动,是中国近代戏曲史的重要组成,戏曲工作所取得的成功经验和总结的失败教训,具有重要的现实意义和理论价值,为今后戏曲的改革、发展提供了重要的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Since the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, China's territory has been divided into enemy-occupied areas, areas controlled by the state and liberated areas, and the art of opera has suffered unprecedented destruction. The liberated areas of North China, including the Shanxi-Chahai-Hebei Border region, the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border region, the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong Border region and the Shandong region, It is the most extensive and strategic battlefield behind the enemy lines in the liberated areas. The conditions here are extremely difficult and the situation is volatile, but opera plays have not been destroyed or even some have been developed, in the army and in places. And a large number of drama groups emerged in the rural areas. They became an important weapon to resist the enemy and save the nation when the nation was in peril, and they were the unity of politics and culture. When the performance environment of the opera was destroyed, the opera artists were displaced, and the script ran dry, the vigorous national salvation movement required the opera to cooperate actively. Opera reform emerged as the times require. Under the unified leadership of the liberated areas, the vast number of opera workers carried out a series of operas ranging from entertainers' ideological culture, life style, to the ideological content of the repertoire and the form of performance. The reform in this period is not necessarily related to the reform of opera after the founding of the people's Republic of China, but it has made necessary preparations for it. How to treat national art such as opera and the nationalization of literature and art? In 1942, Comrade Mao Zedong's speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art, published, gave a brilliant theoretical exposition on a series of literary and artistic issues, such as popularization, the relationship between popularization and improvement, and so on. Under the influence of the "speech", the opera insisted on serving the broad masses of the people, positively reflected the life of the people in the anti-Japanese base areas, and actively explored the arts. In parallel with the national anti-enemy movement, great achievements have been made. In the liberated areas of North China, the construction and consolidation of the opera repertoire, modern drama, traditional opera, and new historical drama have been staged in a competitive fashion. Among them, modern drama accounts for 53% of the whole performance, and some influential works, such as "Square Black Marriage", "Blood and tears feud" and so on, have realized the unity of politics and artistry. The creation and performance of many operas has not only promoted the development of the anti-enemy movement to save the nation, enriched the cultural and recreational life of the people, but also advanced the process of the modernization of the opera. With its unique national characteristics, the opera has a deep mass foundation. The rich means of expression and the better performance effect have become the main body of cultural activities in the liberated areas of North China. During the War of Resistance against Japan, the opera activities in the liberated areas of North China were an important part of the history of Chinese modern operas. The successful experience and the failure lesson of the opera work have important practical significance and theoretical value, and provide important reference for the reform and development of the opera in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国艺术研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：J809.2

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