文物物语——论宋代戏曲文物与宋代演出

发布时间：2018-04-04 09:05

本文选题：戏曲文物　切入点：宋代演出　出处：《上海戏剧学院》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 刘念兹先生在上世纪五十年代提出了“戏曲文物学”的概念,本文亦遵循“论从史出”为舞台美术史研究的重要准则之一,并以此来探讨分析宋代戏曲文物和宋代演出的关系。由于戏曲与人们的生活有着紧密的联系,又由于戏曲演出具有形象性和舞台性的双重特点,因而古典戏曲演出的痕迹被广泛保留在各种形式的文物遗存中,成为了我国古代文化艺术殿堂中一批数量可观的文物珍品。戏曲活动总是和民间的信仰和民俗活动结合在一起,戏曲文物也大多体现为这些活动的物化形式,其类别多种多样,具体的载体包括:绘画、壁画、画像砖、画像石、木雕、石雕、砖雕、版刻、年画、泥塑、陶器、瓷器、剪纸、织绣以及古代戏台建筑等。这些戏曲文物珍品是中国戏曲演绎兴盛发展的实物记录。本文的研究对象是宋代戏曲文物。自公元960年赵匡胤建立宋朝开始,至公元1279年南宋灭亡,这三百余年的朝代在中国历史上承前启后、继往开来,中华社会在各个方面都发生了重大的变革,并对后世产生了极其深远的影响。陈寅恪先生认为“华夏民族之文化,历数千载之演进,造极于赵宋之世。”近人严复也说过:“若研究人心政俗之变,则赵宋一代历史,最宜究心。中国所以成为今日现象者,为善为恶,故不具论,而为宋人之所造就,什八九可断言也。” 中国戏曲发展到宋朝,完全由“史前状态”进入到了一个崭新的发展阶段:勾栏瓦舍的出现与民间曲艺的繁兴,使戏曲实现了对说唱、歌舞和扮演故事等多种艺术手段的综合。与此同时,戏曲文物亦开始成批出现。这些戏曲文物的诞生,毫无疑问有其产生的社会历史和文化条件,反之,这些戏曲文物保存到今天,我们也能将它们看作当时民间风俗的物化反应。本文将以宋代戏曲活动的文化遗存为研究对象,以文物表现的内容为切入点,将文物、文献、民俗三种资料结合起来讨论中国戏曲前期发展规律。本文由引言、上篇、中篇、下篇和结语组成。一.引言部分。简单阐述了戏曲文物的定义以及宋代对于中国戏曲发展的重要性。二.上篇:《宋代戏曲文物概述》。该篇共分三个部分。第一部分为:《宋代戏曲文物》。在此列举了笔者整理到的宋代戏曲文物的名称、出处、特征等,并配有照片图像。包括北宋期间文物26件;南宋期间文物13件。其中很大一部分图像均为笔者到现场考察后拍摄的第一手资料,由于年代久远,留存至今的宋代戏曲文物十分有限,通过这样的盘点,读者基本可以对宋代戏曲文物有个大致的了解。第二部分为:《宋代戏曲文物产生背景》。此处归纳论证了宋代戏曲文物产生的各种历史文化背景,包括:1、“兴文教、抑武事”;2、经济发达,人口众多;3、街市繁荣;4、市民阶层出现;5、文化生活普及;6、戏曲的发展。第三部分为:《宋代戏曲文物分布》。笔者将搜集到的文物进行归纳总结,整理出两宋戏曲文物的时间分布和地域分布。三.中篇:《宋代戏曲文物分类》。本篇将各种戏曲文物进行分门别类,并挑出其中有重要意义的几项戏曲文物进行详细考证。今天发现的宋元戏曲文物的存在形式有着多种形态,笔者将现发现的宋代戏曲文物分为七大类: 1.碑刻。附:《河中府万泉县新建后土圣母庙记》碑考;《潞州潞城县三池东圣母仙乡之碑》考。 2.砖雕。附:偃师出土“丁都赛”砖雕考;偃师酒流沟墓杂剧砖雕考、“温县东南王村宋杂剧砖雕”、“温县东南王村宋散乐砖雕”考;“河南博物馆藏北宋杂剧砖雕”考。 3.石刻。附:“河南荥阳朱三翁石棺杂剧石刻”考;“广元市零七二医院宋墓杂剧石刻”考。 4.壁画。附:“白沙宋墓壁画”考。 5.戏俑。附“鄱阳南宋洪子成墓戏文磁俑”考。 6.绘画。附:《骷髅幻戏图》考;“宋杂剧绢画”考。 7.器物。附:河南济源宋代“听琴图三彩枕”和“婴戏图三彩枕”考;“傀儡戏铜镜”考。四.下篇:《戏曲文物与宋代演出》。主要从各类戏曲文物中分析论证宋代演出的状况。包括:概述、戏班、观众、演出场地、演员、角色行当、服饰装扮、砌末、乐器九个方面。戏曲文物可以修正我们对戏曲发展史的认识、弥补文献的不足。目前出土的宋代戏曲文物不仅给我们提供了当时盛行的乐舞、说唱、傀儡戏、社火、杂剧等表演的生动场景,众多杂剧演出场景中的脚色形象还使我们能结合文字的记载,直观地了解当时戏剧演出的脚色体制与扮演形态。本文从以上四个章节的分析,力图通过对戏曲文物的研究与印证,尽可能复原戏曲舞台艺术在宋代的演剧形态。
[Abstract]:In the 50s of last century, Mr. Liu Nianzi put forward the concept of "opera Heritage Science". This article also follows the "rule from history" as an important criterion for the study of art history, and explores and analyzes the relationship between Song Dynasty artifacts and song performances.
The opera is closely linked with people's life, because the dual characteristics of opera and the image of the stage of the classical opera performances, traces widely retained in various forms of cultural relics in the palace of art in ancient China culture in a number of cultural relics and treasures. A considerable amount of drama is always and folk beliefs and folk activities together, opera cultural relics also mostly reflected the materialized form of these activities, the various categories, including specific carrier: painting, murals, brick, stone, wood carving, stone carving, stone carving, engraving, New Year paintings, clay sculpture, pottery, porcelain, paper cutting, embroidery and the ancient stage construction. These treasures is the real record of China drama drama interpretation flourish.
The object of this study is the cultural relics of the Song Dynasty.
In 960 ad, Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty, to the year 1279 of the three hundred years of the destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty, Dynasty Chinese in the history of the past, the future, the Chinese society has undergone great changes in various aspects, and have a far-reaching influence on later generations. Mr. Chen Yinque believed that "the culture of Chinese nation, has 1000 years of evolution actually, in the world." Songzhi Zhao. Yan Fu also said: "if the people of the vulgar political change, while Zhao Song Dynasty history, the most suitable heart. So China become today phenomenon, good and evil, so no theory, created by the eight or nine, what can be asserted"
China opera development to the Song Dynasty, from "prehistoric state" has entered a new stage of development: the emergence of the field of drama and folk drama to thethriving, the rap, dance and play story comprehensive and other artistic means. At the same time, Xi Quwen also began to appear. These relics of the birth of opera there is no doubt, has its social and historical and cultural conditions, on the other hand, these cultural relics preserved to this day, we can treat them as chemical reaction at the time of folk customs.
This article will take the cultural relics of drama activities in Song Dynasty as the object of study, take the content of cultural relics as the breakthrough point, combine the three materials of cultural relics, documents and folklore to discuss the development rule of Chinese opera in the early stage. This paper is composed of the introduction, the first part, the second part, the second part and the conclusion.
First, the part of the introduction briefly expounds the definition of the cultural relics and the importance of the Song Dynasty to the development of Chinese opera.
Two. Part one: overview of Song Dynasty cultural relics. The opera "essay is divided into three parts.
The first part is: the Song Dynasty cultural relics. < cite the name of the author of the Song Dynasty, in order to drama cultural source, characteristics, and is equipped with a photo image. Including 26 pieces of cultural relics during the Northern Song Dynasty; Southern Song Dynasty during the 13 cultural relics. A large part of the image for the author to the site inspection after the filming of the first hand data, because the age, has retained the Song Dynasty cultural relic is very limited, through this inventory, readers can have a general understanding of the Song Dynasty opera cultural relics.
The second part is: "all kinds of historical and cultural background of Song Dynasty drama cultural background. The Song Dynasty cultural relics epagogic produced include: 1," Xingwen, anti military "; 2, developed economy, large population; 3, 4, market prosperity; public class; 5, the popularity of life; 6, the development of opera.
The third part: "the collected cultural relics are summarized. The author of the Song Dynasty cultural relics distribution, sorting out the two song drama cultural time distribution and geographical distribution.
Three. In the Song Dynasty: "cultural relics classification. This article will be arranged for all kinds of cultural relics, and pick out several cultural relics has important significance in the form of detailed research. Today I found the Song Yuan opera cultural relics has a variety of forms, the author will present the Song Dynasty cultural relics are divided into seven categories:
1.. "The river of stone house Wanquan County Houtu Temple Monument to remember the new test > < three; Luzhou Lucheng county east of Xian Xiang Bei Chi Mary > test.
2.. The brick of Yanshi unearthed "Ding dosetech" brick test; Yanshi wine dynasty brick tomb ditch, "southeast of Wenxian County Wang Song Dynasty brick", "southeast of Wenxian County Wang Song Sanle brick"; "Henan Museum of Northern Song Dynasty stone carving.
3.. Report of stone: "Henan Xingyang Zhu Weng Dynasty stone sarcophagus three" test "; the 072 Hospital of Guangyuan Zaju song tomb stone".
4. murals. Appendix: "murals in the tomb of Baisha song".
5.. "Poyang Southern Song Dynasty show figurines of Hong tomb figurines" magnetic Cui chim "test.
6.. Report of painting: "skeleton puppet show"; "Song Dynasty silk".
7.. Henan: Jiyuan Song Dynasty artifacts of "listening to the Qin porcelain pillow" and "baby play picture three pillow" test; "kuileixi mirror test.
Four. The opera and song: "cultural relics show. The Song Dynasty show the status of analysis mainly from the various cultural relics. Including: Opera Troupe, overview, audience, venue, actors, roles, costumes, props, the nine aspects of musical instruments.
The cultural relic can be corrected in our understanding of the history of the development of Chinese opera, make up for the lack of literature. The Song Dynasty unearthed cultural relics not only provides us with the prevailing dance, rap, puppet, fire, vivid scene drama performances, numerous scenes show the characters in the drama image also allows us to combine text records. At that time, intuitive understanding of theatre and play a role system form. Based on the analysis of the above four chapters, tries to investigate and confirm to the drama of cultural relics, as far as possible the restoration of opera stage art in his drama form in Song Dynasty.

【学位授予单位】：上海戏剧学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：J809.2

【引证文献】