中国式“蒙太奇”:齐如山与梅兰芳重新组织的现代性京剧

发布时间：2018-04-20 01:00

本文选题：中国式蒙太奇 + 组织　；参考：《文艺理论研究》2014年06期

【摘要】：当中国迎来20世纪的时候,京剧却迎来了危机:观众开始疏远并批评这项表演艺术。其原因是京剧所传达和创造的意义并不被已跨入现代都市体验的居民所接纳和认同。梅兰芳和齐如山视改良京剧为己任,通过创立并运用"组织"(中国式蒙太奇)这一重要原则重组京剧,使其得以在保留传统元素的基础上贴合并引领新的现代观众的审美。这一"组织"并不只在技术层面产生效应,而是将一种新的思维方式带入京剧,这种批判式思考使得京剧焕然一新并在1930年代逐渐成为国剧。本文力求实现三个意义:第一,通过揭示京剧"组织"与爱森斯坦蒙太奇之间的相联性,强调京剧在现代化过程中的新变,将其纳入1930年代世界艺术创新的版图。第二,重新解读京剧在海外表演时如何被海外艺术家解读的意义。认为与其批判性否定西方学者对于京剧的阅读,或称之为误读,更行之有效的方法是"对话"。第三,试图打破京派京剧是固守中国传统的思维模式,而将其现代性突显出来,即:京派京剧中有不断与现代性磨合而产生的现代戏剧性,而中国京剧的"蒙太奇"正是诞生于其自身的社会历史环境中。
[Abstract]:When China ushered in twentieth Century, Beijing Opera came into a crisis: the audience began to alienate and criticize the performing art. The reason is that the meaning of Beijing Opera is not accepted and recognized by the residents who have entered the modern city experience. Mei Lanfang and Qi Lu Shan see the improvement of Beijing opera as his duty by creating and applying the "Chinese style" (Chinese style). Montage) this important principle restructures Beijing opera, allowing it to stick together on the basis of the traditional elements to guide the aesthetic of the new modern audience. This "organization" does not only produce effects on the technical level, but brings a new way of thinking into Beijing opera. This kind of critical thinking makes Beijing Opera a new and gradually becoming a new type of opera in 1930s. The article strives to realize three meanings: first, by revealing the connection between the "organization" and Eisenstein Mon Tachi, the new changes of Beijing Opera in the process of modernization are emphasized, and it is incorporated into the layout of the world art innovation in 1930s. Second, the significance of how the Peking Opera is interpreted by overseas artists in the overseas performance. It critically negates the western scholars' reading of Beijing opera, or it is misread. The more effective method is "dialogue". Third, the attempt to break the Beijing Opera is to stick to the traditional Chinese thinking mode, and to highlight its modernity, that is, the Peking Opera has the modern drama in which the Peking Opera is constantly combined with the modernity, and the Chinese Peking Opera is "the Chinese opera". "Montage" is born in its own social and historical environment.

【作者单位】：斯坦福大学东亚语言文化系;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中华戏剧通史”[项目编号:10jzd0009]阶段性成果
【分类号】：I207.32;J821

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