明代南教坊制度考

发布时间：2018-05-01 13:02

本文选题：明代 + 南教坊　；参考：《文化遗产》2017年05期

【摘要】：早在朱元璋定天下时,便于南京设教坊司,并设乐院和官酒楼一统天下官妓;然而,"南教坊"作为一个特定的称谓,始于英宗正统初年,实为永乐迁都以来明代两京制度渐次确立的产物,北迁的教坊司从此成为天下教坊之首,而原在南京的教坊司最终退居次位。因为这一地位的变化,位处留都的"南教坊",逐渐成为江南歌吹之地,也是南北士林、四方商旅往来风雅之地;更重要的是,在两京制度下,南教坊在明代乐制与演剧的变迁实际扮演着极为微妙的角色。简言之,正嘉以来,一方面是俗乐大兴,一方面是南教坊制度的日趋无序,其间种种曲事沉浮与文学往来,已直接折射出江南士林复古乐思潮的消长,而成为我们窥探晚明曲坛古(雅)乐与今(俗)乐、北音与南音之变的重心所在。
[Abstract]:As early as Zhu Yuanzhang established the world, it was convenient for Nanjing to set up a department of teaching and learning, and set up a music institute and a government restaurant to dominate the world's official prostitutes. However, as a specific title, the "Southern religious Square" began in the early years of the British orthodoxy. In fact, it was the product of the gradual establishment of the two capital systems in Ming Dynasty since Yongle moved its capital. The division of the north moved to the north became the head of the world's teaching workshops, and the former one in Nanjing finally stepped down in the second place. As a result of this change in status, the "Nanjiaofang", which is located in the capital, has gradually become a place where songs are blowing in the south of the Yangtze River, and it is also a place where the South and North Scholars travel to and from other parts of the world. What is more, under the two Beijing systems, Nanjiaofang actually played a very delicate role in the changes of music system and drama in Ming Dynasty. In short, since Zheng Jia, on the one hand, there has been a great rise in popular music, and on the other hand, the system of Southern Jiefang has become increasingly disorderly. The ups and downs of all kinds of music and literary exchanges between them have directly reflected the rise and fall of the trend of thought of retro music in the south of the Yangtze River. It has become the focus of our exploration of ancient (elegant) music and today's (vulgar) music in the late Ming Dynasty, as well as the change of the north and the south.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学中文系;
【分类号】：J809.2

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