宋代勾栏形制复原

发布时间：2018-05-10 05:43

本文选题：勾栏复原 + 瓦舍　；参考：《上海戏剧学院》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 中国戏曲形成于宋元时期。王国维先生在《宋元戏曲考》中已有论述:“今日流传之古剧,其最古者出于金、元之间。……又宋、元之际,始有南曲、北曲之分,此二者,亦皆综合宋代各种乐曲而为之者也。今欲溯其发达之迹,当分为三章论之:一、宋之滑稽戏;二、宋之杂戏小说;三、宋之乐曲是也。” 中国最早的商业剧场——勾栏(又作构栏、勾阑、钩栏、构肆)产生于宋代。在古剧场的发展史中,它的出现具有跨时代的意义,标志着中国戏剧已经发展到成熟阶段,进入商业市场。遗憾的是,在中国古剧场的浩瀚历史长河中,我们没有发现其形象资料遗传至今。中国古建筑以木结构为主,不易保存,因此找到宋代勾栏剧场实物几乎不可能。中国古代剧场研究第一人周贻白先生,他的著作《中国剧场史》第一次提出了勾栏在中国剧场史中的重要位置。古剧场研究学者廖奔先生在《中国古代剧场史》中抒发了这样的感慨,“我深深感到不能等待,一方面随着时代进步我们已经不能容忍这一研究领域的缺憾继续存在,另一方面由于古代建筑有一个保存问题,开展研究的时间越晚,所能见到的实物资料就越少,越给研究带来困难。” 廖奔先生在《中国古代剧场史》的开篇序言中写道:“中国戏曲,作为世界上特有的戏剧样式之一,它的现代研究的开展却落后于欧洲和日本戏剧。本世纪以来,尽管对其历史和美学意义的开掘已经达到了一定的程度但在某个研究方面仍存在着死角,例如:中国剧场样式的演化和变迁,仍然是一个触及未深的题目。” 本文的着眼点是在了解、考察现有资源的基础上又向前迈进一步,探索已经消失的剧场建筑,通过学习、研究、考察现有资源,复原宋代的戏曲演出场所——勾栏。结合《营造法式》、《清明上河图》等历史文字、图像资料与金、元时期的戏台文物资料,对勾栏中的戏台各局部构件、及院落规模及尺寸进行全方位的复原。并且对勾栏的演变进行探讨,通过现存的宗祠戏台、私家戏台、会馆戏台、旅社戏台及明清戏园的建筑形制特征及转化来探讨它们对勾栏形制的传承,以及它们各自的发展演变。得出结论,勾栏并未消失。复原勾栏、对中国传统文化的遗漏环节进行填补是一项艰苦的工作,但对后人具有极其重要、积极、深远的意义。
[Abstract]:Chinese opera was formed in the Song and Yuan dynasties. Wang Guowei in the Song and Yuan Dynasty drama has been discussed: "the ancient drama circulated today, its oldest out of gold, between the Yuan." Song, Yuan Dynasty, before there is the south song, the north song, this two, also synthesizes all kinds of song in the Song Dynasty. It should be divided into three chapters: first, the comic drama of the Song Dynasty; second, the novel of the mixed drama of the Song Dynasty; and thirdly, the music of the Song Dynasty is also. " The earliest commercial theater in China-hook column (also as column, stop, hook column, construction) originated in the Song Dynasty. In the history of the development of ancient theater, its appearance has a cross-epoch significance, which indicates that Chinese drama has developed to a mature stage and entered the commercial market. Unfortunately, in the vast history of ancient Chinese theater, we do not find its image inherited. Chinese ancient buildings are mainly wooden structures, which are difficult to preserve, so it is almost impossible to find the Goulan Theatre in Song Dynasty. Zhou Yibai, the first person in the study of ancient Chinese theatres, proposed for the first time the important position of the tick column in the history of Chinese theatres in his book A History of Chinese Theater. In "A History of Ancient Chinese Theater", Mr. Liao Ben, an ancient theater researcher, expressed such feelings: "I deeply feel that I cannot wait. On the one hand, with the progress of the times, we can no longer tolerate the imperfections in this field of study." On the other hand, because of the preservation problem of ancient buildings, the later the research is carried out, the less physical data can be seen, which makes the research more difficult. " In the preface to the History of Ancient Chinese Theater, Mr. Liao wrote, "Chinese opera, as one of the unique theatrical styles in the world, lags behind European and Japanese dramas in its modern studies. Although the historical and aesthetic significance of this century has reached a certain extent, there is still a dead corner in a certain area of research. For example, the evolution and change of the style of Chinese theater is still an untouched topic. " The focus of this paper is to explore the lost theater architecture on the basis of understanding and reviewing the existing resources. Through study and research, we can investigate the existing resources and restore the opera performance venue of Song Dynasty-Gaolan. Combining with the historical characters, images and historical materials, such as "creating French style", "Ching Ming River figure" and "Jin", and the cultural relics of the stage in the Yuan Dynasty, the local components of the stage, the scale and size of the courtyard in the hooks and bars are restored in all directions. In addition, the evolution of the Gobang is discussed, and their inheritance of the Gonglan style is discussed through the architectural features and transformation of the existing ancestral, private, clubhouse, hotel, and Ming and Qing opera gardens. And their respective evolution. It was concluded that the bar had not disappeared. It is a hard work to restore the column and fill the missing links of Chinese traditional culture, but it is of great importance, positive and far-reaching significance to the posterity.
【学位授予单位】：上海戏剧学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：J809.2

【引证文献】