徽州目连戏调查及研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 11:20

本文选题：徽州目连戏 + 调查　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目连戏是中国最古老的一个戏曲剧种,被称为是中国戏曲的“戏祖”、“活化石”。古徽州是学界公认的目连戏发源地之一,目连戏的直接源头为明代徽州剧作家郑之珍所作《目连救母劝善戏文》。目连戏甫一诞生,就在原徽州所属的祁门、休宁、石台、婺源、歙县等地流传开来。本论文在田野调查的基础上,运用三重证据法,即文献、文物、田野材料相互参证,从人类学、民俗学等多学科、多领域的角度对徽州目连戏展开深入研究。论文首先对徽州目连戏进行溯源。明代万历年间,徽州人郑之珍改编的《目连救母劝善戏文》,在整合了明中叶以前历代目连故事的基础上,强化“忠孝节义”的儒家文化精神,此后,徽州各地的目连戏演出便蓬勃发展起来。其次,对徽州各地目连戏演出情况进行调查。具体到祁门县,有箬坑乡栗木村目连戏演出、箬坑乡马山村目连戏演出、历口镇历溪村的目连戏演出；歙县有长陔乡韶坑村目连戏演出、长标乡长标村目连戏演出；石台县有兰关乡大宇坑村的目连戏演出,大演乡剡溪村的目连戏演出。再次,在对徽州目连戏进行了全面调查的基础上,对徽州目连戏的表演形态做进一步研究。徽州目连戏的演出保存了宋杂剧遗风,《大佛游殿》是中国早期戏剧开场形式的遗存,熔百戏为一炉的“杂戏”特色,也清楚地表明其与宋杂剧的渊源关系。徽州目连戏演出准备、演出过程中的祭祀仪式等活动,还保留着的傩仪形式。在戏曲形式上,徽州目连戏有着半开放式的结构,它的唱腔富于古老性、可变性和丰富性。最后,对徽州目连戏与徽州文化的关系进行探讨。徽州目连戏与徽州文化相辅相成,徽州目连戏中的演出对徽州民俗产生了巨大影响,同时,徽州目连戏在演出当中也反映出许多的的徽州习俗。徽州目连戏与徽州人的宗族文化联系在一起,目连戏的使用是与宗族紧密相联的,演出目连戏不论是为了驱灾、避邪或是祈福,受益者都是整个家族。徽州目连戏是徽州文化传统精神的浓缩。徽州目连戏所传达的文化内涵是徽州文化中哲学思想——程朱理学或新安理学的缩影,通过戏曲这一徽州群体喜闻乐见的形式,宣传理学所倡导的“忠孝节义”价值观。
[Abstract]:Mutian Opera is one of the oldest opera operas in China. It is called the "play ancestor" and "living fossil" of Chinese opera. Ancient Huizhou is recognized as one of the birthplaces of Mulian Opera. The direct source of Mutian Opera is Zheng Zhizhen, a writer of Huizhou playwright in Ming Dynasty. As soon as Mulian Opera was born, Qimen, Xiuning, Shitai, Wuyuan and Shexian County, belonging to Huizhou, spread. On the basis of field investigation, this paper uses triple evidence method, namely literature, cultural relics, field materials mutual reference, from the anthropology, folklore and other multi-disciplinary, multi-field perspective to carry out a thorough study of Huizhou visual drama. Firstly, the paper traces the origin of Huizhou Mulian Opera. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhizhen, a native of Huizhou, adapted "Mu Lian to save his mother from the good", which strengthened the Confucian cultural spirit of "loyalty and filial piety" on the basis of integrating the stories of the previous dynasties before the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Since then, the Confucian culture of "loyalty and filial piety" has been strengthened. The performance of mulien opera flourished all over Huizhou. Secondly, the situation of mulian opera performance in Huizhou was investigated. To Qimen County, there are Indocine Village Li Mu village mulien performance, Indoctus Heng Ma Shan village mulien performance, Likou Town Lixi Village mulien performance; Shexian County has Chang Li Xiang Shaokeng village mulien performance, Changbixiangzhangbiao village mulien performance; Shitai County has Languan Township Daeyukeng Village mulien performance, Da Yan Township Guoxi Village mulien performance. Thirdly, on the basis of a comprehensive investigation of Huizhou Mulian Opera, the performance form of Huizhou Mulian Opera is further studied. The performance of Huizhou Mulian Opera preserves the style of the Song Zaju dramas. "the Grand Buddha Tour Hall" is a relic of the opening form of Chinese early drama. The "miscellaneous drama" characteristic of the fuzhundred drama clearly shows its relationship with the Song zaju opera. Huizhou mulian opera performance preparation, performance during the ceremony, and other activities, but also retained the form of exorcism. In opera form, Huizhou mulian opera has a semi-open structure, its singing is rich in ancient, variable and rich. Finally, the relationship between Huizhou mulian opera and Huizhou culture is discussed. Huizhou mulian opera and Huizhou culture complement each other. The performance of Huizhou mulian opera has a great influence on the folk customs of Huizhou. At the same time, Huizhou mulian opera also reflects many Huizhou customs in the performance. The use of Mutian Opera in Huizhou is closely related to the clan culture of Huizhou people. Whether it is to drive disasters away from evil or pray for good fortune, the beneficiaries are the whole family. Huizhou mulian opera is the concentration of the traditional spirit of Huizhou culture. The cultural connotation conveyed by Huizhou Mulian Opera is a microcosm of philosophy in Huizhou culture-Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism or Xin'an Neo-Confucianism, and propagandizes the values of "loyalty and filial piety" advocated by Neo-Confucianism through opera, a form that Huizhou groups like to see.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：J825

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