用戏曲搭建跨文化沟通的桥梁
本文选题:戏曲 + 跨文化交流 ; 参考:《上海戏剧学院》2012年博士论文
【摘要】:如何让中华文化融入世界文化之林同时又大放异彩?这是重大而又严峻的任务。我们以往输出的多是和现代脱节的传统艺术,对外文化交往逆差巨大。如何创作既有中国特色又反映共同人性的作品来走向世界?戏曲是传统文化的瑰宝,但好像是博物馆的珍品,多和现代精神有距离;要反映共同人性和现代精神,是否必须放弃中国特色呢?其实保留古装和程式的戏曲也可以反映现代精神,包括改编西方经典和创作我们自己的古装新戏。西方观众在看熟悉的经典故事时,会更注意独特的极富表现力的中国式演绎。戏曲通过行当的程式化动作传达出中国美学的精髓,能吸引更多外国人来了解中国文化。 戏曲表演有三个层次:演员要变成剧中人必须通过行当这一中介:在扮演任何角色之前,必须经过长时间“前表意”的训练,熟练掌握行当的程式,再通过“表意”的排练,逐渐进入戏剧情境和角色性格,最终在舞台上达到“强表意”。戏曲既有前表意的丰富表现手段——行当的系统程式,又能自如地改造它们,以表现各种人物的高浓度的思想情感,不难和外国戏剧故事和反映现代精神的新故事“嫁接”,也可以吸引外国人来学。戏曲可以帮助斯坦尼和布莱希特这两个对立的体系搭起桥梁,其行当既可以用来展示情绪激烈的海达和朱丽这样相对写实的人物,也可以用来展现布莱希特笔下的理性人物。用斯坦尼的话来说,戏曲的角色也必须入情入理,让人感动;用布莱希特的话来说,在训练和排练过程中,常常是先用与角色间离的行当训练来加强表现力,,而在演出中则以角色的身份和观众分享其种种体验,穿过第四堵墙来打动观众。 前表意的风格化行当程式是戏曲跨文化交流的技术性基础,而行当的分类和拓展是戏曲跨文化交流的人性基础——通过对相应的社会角色进行分类和呈现来反映具体的而不是抽象的普遍人性。尽管传统戏曲的行当谱系还未能反映社会各阶层的全貌,但作为古代社会最大众化的人生教科书,通过行当分类来反映社会的各色人等以及社会对各种角色的规范要求,这种方法有其可取之处。不能由于其不符合西方现代话剧的标准就抛弃它;应该进一步拓展戏曲的行当谱系,根据现代社会的情况和观念使之更丰富更全面。 找到把传统审美特色和现代精神相结合的方法后,戏曲可以成为中国文化走向世界的一条捷径,包括中演西戏和古装新戏。这里有两个原则:内容上移花接木——改编西方经典和创作具有普世意义及现代精神的新戏;形式上移步不换形——保留并发展行当程式以及与之密不可分的中国古装。
[Abstract]:How to integrate Chinese culture into the world cultural forest and at the same time shine brilliantly? This is a major and serious task. In the past, most of our exports were traditional art disjointed with modern times, and there was a huge deficit in foreign cultural exchanges. How to create works that reflect both Chinese characteristics and common humanity to the world? Opera is a treasure of traditional culture, but it seems to be a museum treasure, far from the modern spirit. To reflect the common humanity and modern spirit, must we give up the Chinese characteristics?. In fact, the opera that preserves the ancient costume and the formula can also reflect the modern spirit, including the adaptation of the western classics and the creation of our own costume new drama. Western viewers will pay more attention to the unique expressive Chinese interpretation when watching familiar classic stories. Opera conveys the essence of Chinese aesthetics through stylized actions, which can attract more foreigners to understand Chinese culture. There are three levels of opera performance: actors and actresses must go through this medium to become actors in a play: before playing any role, they must be trained for a long period of time to "express their ideas", master the proper procedures, and then go through the rehearsals of "ideologies". Gradually into the drama situation and character, finally in the stage to achieve "strong ideas." Opera has not only the rich expressive means of the former ideologies, but also the systematic program of operation, and it can freely transform them to express the high concentration of thought and emotion of various characters. It is not difficult to "graft" with foreign dramatic stories and new stories reflecting the modern spirit. You can also attract foreigners to learn. Drama can bridge the opposing systems of Steeney and Brecht, both as realistic characters like Haida and Zhu Li, and as rational characters as Brecht. In Steeney's words, the role of the opera must also be reasonable and moving; in the words of Brecht, it is often the practice of separation from the character that is first used in training and rehearsals to strengthen performance. In the performance as a character to share their experiences with the audience, through the fourth wall to impress the audience. The stylized formula of the former ideologies is the technical basis for cross-cultural communication of opera. And the classification and expansion of the industry is the basis of human nature for cross-cultural communication of operas, which reflects the concrete rather than abstract universal humanity by classifying and presenting the corresponding social roles. Although the professional pedigree of traditional opera has not yet reflected the whole picture of all social strata, as the most popular life textbook in ancient society, it reflects the social variety of people and the normative requirements of various roles of the society through the classification of trades. This method has its merits. It should not be abandoned because it does not conform to the standards of modern western modern drama, but should be further expanded to make it richer and more comprehensive according to the situation and concept of modern society. After finding a way to combine traditional aesthetic features with modern spirit, opera can become a shortcut for Chinese culture to go to the world. There are two principles: adapting the western classics and creating new drama with universal significance and modern spirit in content, not changing the form in form-preserving and developing the routine and the Chinese ancient clothes which are closely related to it.
【学位授予单位】:上海戏剧学院
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2012
【分类号】:J821
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