试论昆曲观众的历史变迁与现状

发布时间：2018-06-28 23:33

本文选题：昆曲 + 观众　；参考：《东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年01期

【摘要】：昆曲观众的历史变迁与现状如何,与昆曲作为非物质文化遗产的保护大有关系,本文就其中几个问题进行初步思考。昆曲今天无疑是"小众艺术",但在历史上并非始终如此,至少在晚明至清初,昆曲兼有"大众艺术"和"小众艺术"双重身份。它当时之所以是"大众艺术",是因为有很多职业戏班,有很多广场演出,有广大的观众群,还有很多唱曲活动。昆曲从清中叶以后逐步变成"小众艺术",与家班演出的封闭性有关,与清曲、剧曲"至严不相犯"有关,与花雅之争的形势也有关。昆曲列入世界非物质文化遗产以来,经过多方面努力,观众数量有所增加,而且呈现年轻化、知识化的趋势,这是可喜的现象,应当因势利导,加大宣传推广力度,合理运用价格杠杆,确保"小众",有条件时争取部分"大众",使昆曲在活态传承中保持原汁原味。
[Abstract]:The historical changes and present situation of Kunqu Opera audience are closely related to the protection of Kunqu Opera as an intangible cultural heritage. There is no doubt that Kunqu Opera is a "minority art" today, but this is not always the case in history. At least from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, Kunqu Opera had a dual identity of "popular art" and "minority art". It was called "popular Art" because there were many professional troupes, many square performances, a large audience, and many singing activities. After the middle Qing Dynasty, Kunqu Opera gradually turned into "small crowd Art", which was related to the closeness of the performance of the family classes, to the Qing Opera, to the opera music, and to the situation of the struggle between flowers and elegance. Since Kunqu Opera has been listed as a world intangible cultural heritage, the number of viewers has increased through various efforts, and it has shown a trend of rejuvenation and knowledge. This is a gratifying phenomenon, and it should be guided by the situation and intensified in publicity and promotion. Reasonable use of price leverage to ensure "minority", when conditions for part of the "public", so that Kunqu Opera in the live state of heritage to maintain the original taste.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学中文系;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中华戏剧通史”(10jzd0009)阶段性成果
【分类号】：J825

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