百年三庆班：兼论城市文化的功能
发布时间：2018-11-17 17:12
【摘要】： 三庆班本为花部戏班,在安庆、杭州、扬州等城郊乡野流动演出。1790年,为乾隆皇帝八十万寿,三庆班进京祝懶。进京是三庆班以及京剧发展的历史性机遇和关键性转折所在。 首先,戏班、戏园、伶人寓所集聚前门大栅栏附近,这种空间集聚必然造成文化艺术发展的集群效应。 其次,京城文化要素集聚。其中,文化生产要素包括各地戏班和各种声腔戏曲演员、编剧创作人才、鼓师场面等。他们彼此频繁交流、对话,有利于创新的实现。京城文化消费活跃繁荣,众多达官豪客、八旗子弟、文人士大夫、下层市民等不同阶层的文化消费者对戏曲提出了不同的欣赏要求,促使戏曲演员在表演艺术的各个方面锐意改革创新,对京剧发展起到很大的刺激作用。清廷统治者作为一个特殊的戏曲观众群体,对京剧发展也起到了举足轻重的推动作用。 从流动性戏班到京城定点演出,三庆徽班融合了徽调和秦腔、昆腔、楚调诸腔所长,实现了徽秦合流、昆乱合流,在唱腔曲调上逐渐发生了本质的变化,出现了以“西皮二黄”为主要唱腔的板腔体声腔体系。 某一具体城市文化形态的发生、发展还和一定时期的城市文化环境有关,不同的城市文化也会导致文化具体形态发生细微差别。三庆徽班进京之初,以花旦行当为主,由于时局突变,老生行当崛起,出现了一批以老生为主的新剧目。京剧形成并初步发展后,开始辐射传播至上海。作为与北京城气质迥异的新兴城市,上海城市文明中充满了商业竞争意味,反过来影响了北京梨园,还出现了“京派京剧”和“海派京剧”的分野。 简言之,在城市文化空间里,各种文化要素集聚,不断进行交流和对话,有利于创新功能的实现,从而创造出新的文化形态。这就是城市文化功能的体现。在城市具体文化形态逐渐形成后,又必然会辐射影响到周边城市,“辐射”与“反辐射”是城市文化功能的又一表现。
[Abstract]:Sanqing class originally for the flower department drama, in Anqing, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and other rural countryside mobile performance. 1790, for Emperor Qianlong 800000 birthday, Sanqing class Beijing Zhu lazy. Coming to Beijing is a historic opportunity and a key turning point for the development of Beijing Opera. First of all, the opera troupe, the opera garden, the actors' apartment gather near the front gate, this kind of space agglomeration inevitably causes the cultural and artistic development the cluster effect. Secondly, the capital city cultural elements agglomeration. Among them, the elements of cultural production include opera troupes and various vocal opera actors, writers, drum scenes and so on. They often communicate with each other, dialogue, conducive to the realization of innovation. Cultural consumption in the capital is active and prosperous. Many cultural consumers from different strata, such as officials and guests, children of the eight banners, literati and officials, and the lower class, have put forward different requests for appreciation of the opera. Impel opera actors to reform and innovate in all aspects of performing arts, play a great role in stimulating the development of Beijing Opera. As a special audience of opera, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty also played an important role in promoting the development of Beijing Opera. From the mobile troupe to the appointed performance in the capital, the Sanqing Huiban combines the Hui tune with the director of the Qin, Kun and Chu tunes, realizes the Hui-Qin confluence and the Kun disorderly confluence, and gradually changes the essence of the singing tune. The sound system of the board cavity with Xipi er Huang as the main vocal cavity appeared. The development of a specific urban cultural form is also related to the urban cultural environment in a certain period. Different urban cultures will also lead to subtle differences in the specific forms of culture. At the beginning of Sanqing Huiban's arrival in Beijing, the main business was Huadan. As a result of the sudden change in the current situation, the profession of old life rose, and a number of new plays mainly came into being. After the formation and initial development of Peking Opera, radiation spread to Shanghai. As a new city with different temperament from Beijing, Shanghai's urban civilization is full of commercial competition, which, in turn, affects the Beijing pear garden and the division between Peking Opera of Beijing School and Beijing Opera of Shanghai School. In short, in the urban cultural space, all kinds of cultural elements gather, constantly exchange and dialogue, which is conducive to the realization of innovative functions, thus creating a new cultural form. This is the embodiment of the cultural function of the city. After the formation of the specific cultural form of the city, it is inevitable that the radiation will affect the surrounding cities. "radiation" and "anti-radiation" are another manifestation of the cultural function of the city.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：J821;G122
本文编号：2338527
[Abstract]:Sanqing class originally for the flower department drama, in Anqing, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and other rural countryside mobile performance. 1790, for Emperor Qianlong 800000 birthday, Sanqing class Beijing Zhu lazy. Coming to Beijing is a historic opportunity and a key turning point for the development of Beijing Opera. First of all, the opera troupe, the opera garden, the actors' apartment gather near the front gate, this kind of space agglomeration inevitably causes the cultural and artistic development the cluster effect. Secondly, the capital city cultural elements agglomeration. Among them, the elements of cultural production include opera troupes and various vocal opera actors, writers, drum scenes and so on. They often communicate with each other, dialogue, conducive to the realization of innovation. Cultural consumption in the capital is active and prosperous. Many cultural consumers from different strata, such as officials and guests, children of the eight banners, literati and officials, and the lower class, have put forward different requests for appreciation of the opera. Impel opera actors to reform and innovate in all aspects of performing arts, play a great role in stimulating the development of Beijing Opera. As a special audience of opera, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty also played an important role in promoting the development of Beijing Opera. From the mobile troupe to the appointed performance in the capital, the Sanqing Huiban combines the Hui tune with the director of the Qin, Kun and Chu tunes, realizes the Hui-Qin confluence and the Kun disorderly confluence, and gradually changes the essence of the singing tune. The sound system of the board cavity with Xipi er Huang as the main vocal cavity appeared. The development of a specific urban cultural form is also related to the urban cultural environment in a certain period. Different urban cultures will also lead to subtle differences in the specific forms of culture. At the beginning of Sanqing Huiban's arrival in Beijing, the main business was Huadan. As a result of the sudden change in the current situation, the profession of old life rose, and a number of new plays mainly came into being. After the formation and initial development of Peking Opera, radiation spread to Shanghai. As a new city with different temperament from Beijing, Shanghai's urban civilization is full of commercial competition, which, in turn, affects the Beijing pear garden and the division between Peking Opera of Beijing School and Beijing Opera of Shanghai School. In short, in the urban cultural space, all kinds of cultural elements gather, constantly exchange and dialogue, which is conducive to the realization of innovative functions, thus creating a new cultural form. This is the embodiment of the cultural function of the city. After the formation of the specific cultural form of the city, it is inevitable that the radiation will affect the surrounding cities. "radiation" and "anti-radiation" are another manifestation of the cultural function of the city.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：J821;G122
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
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2 许敏;晚清上海的戏园与娱乐生活[J];史林;1998年03期
，本文编号：2338527
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