晋剧表演艺术家牛桂英研究

发布时间：2018-11-28 10:57

【摘要】：著名晋剧表演艺术家牛桂英对晋剧的旦角艺术进行改革和创新，自成一派，取得了巨大的成就。本文以牛桂英为研究对象，主要从唱腔、念白、表演三个方面进行论述。牛桂英改变了晋剧以高亢粗犷为赞，演员追求拔嘹子的疵芜之处，运用鼻腔共鸣，巧用中音区，形成婉转缠绵、婆娑朦胧的唱腔特点。此外，她对晋剧“哪咦呀哈咳”拖腔的传统进行改革，依字行腔，，以腔带情，行腔圆润、吐字清晰，将“滑音”、“颤音”等多种润腔音群用于拖腔之中，字音远送、韵味浓厚，使晋剧进一步走向规范化。鉴于晋剧演员念白吐字混乱而不规范的现象，牛桂英将标准的汉语拼音读音和山西方言的“五声字调”相结合，形成了字正腔圆的“京字晋韵”规范，使得牛派念白字音清晰、喷口有力，内涵饱满，流畅远送，表现出一种清新自然的美。这样的改革不仅使晋剧具备地方神韵，也可使外地观众接受，为晋剧的发展繁荣提供了广泛的群众基础。情感抒发是戏曲艺术的生命和灵魂。牛桂英对人物形象的塑造，主要体现为不温不火、唱戏唱情，在塑造人物时把握度与尺寸，并从观众的角度去思索，从剧中人物的角度去表现，将自身置身于故事情节之中，将角色的年龄、身份、背景了解清楚，定位典型环境中的典型人物，力求准确把握人物的内心世界，再以己之身去体会人物的喜怒哀乐，并融入自己对人物性格的体悟，将“本我”与剧中的“他我”融合起来，带着真情与激情去诠释人物的内心世界，尽量做到合情合理，塑造出源于生活又高于生活的舞台形象。除此之外，本论文还从牛桂英的艺术生涯、传统剧目、风格成因、人才培养等方面进行简要的叙述，以期能对这位在晋剧史上卓有建树的艺术家有一个较为全面、公允的评价，并为后来之秀在技艺上、精神上、理念上树立榜样，提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Niu Guiying, the famous performing artist of Jin opera, has made great achievements in reforming and innovating the art of Dan Jiao of Jin opera. This article takes Niu Guiying as the research object, mainly from singing, reading white, performing three aspects to discuss. Niu Guiying changed the praise of Jin opera to be high and rough, the actors pursued the defects of Liao son, used nasal resonance, skillfully used the baritone area to form the characteristics of melodious and tangled singing. In addition, she reformed the tradition of the drag cavity of the Jin opera "Na-Yi ah Ke". She followed a line of words, with a feeling in the cavity, with a smooth, clear spelling, and used a variety of mellow groups, such as "slippery" and "vibrato", to be used in the drag cavity, and the words and sounds were sent far away. Strong flavor, make Jin opera to further standardization. In view of the confusion and non-standard phenomenon of the actors in the Jin opera reciting white characters, Niu Guiying combined the standard Chinese phonetic pronunciation with the Shanxi dialect's "five-tone" to form a well-formed standard of "Jing Zi Jin rhyme", which made the Niu School's pronunciation of Bai characters clear. The nozzle has the strength, the connotation is full, the smooth far sends, displays a kind of fresh natural beauty. This kind of reform not only makes Jin opera have local charm, but also can be accepted by other audiences, which provides a broad mass basis for the development and prosperity of Jin opera. Emotional expression is the life and soul of opera art. Niu Guiying's portrayal of characters is mainly reflected in the lack of temperature and fire, singing and singing feelings, grasping the degree and size of the characters, thinking about them from the perspective of the audience, expressing themselves from the perspective of the characters in the play, and placing themselves in the storyline. To understand the age, identity and background of the characters, to locate the typical characters in the typical environment, to grasp the inner world of the characters accurately, and then to experience the joys, sorrows and sorrows of the characters with their own bodies, and to integrate their own understanding of the characters. This paper combines "ego" with "he and I" in the play, interprets the inner world of the characters with true feelings and passion, tries to be reasonable, and shapes the stage image which originates from life and is higher than life. In addition, this paper also briefly describes Niu Guiying's artistic career, traditional repertoire, style causes, talent training, and so on, in order to have a more comprehensive and fair evaluation of this artist who has made great achievements in the history of Jin opera. And for the latecomers in the skills, spirit, ideas to set an example, to provide reference.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J825

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