新疆伊犁察布查尔地区锡伯族“汗都春”研究

发布时间：2019-06-25 12:52

【摘要】：锡伯族“汗都春”(曲子戏,又称“秧歌”),是锡伯族戏剧的统称,也是锡伯族人民深受欢迎的一种曲子戏。它是锡伯族艺术家们在平调、越调的基础上,用本民族的艺术特点进行创作的一种新型的民间戏曲艺术；是西迁新疆的锡伯人在清末移民大背景下吸收当时满、汗文化的优秀成果,在长期的实践中结合本民族的文化需求,创造出的一种独具特色的戏曲艺术,是移民文化的产儿。它仅存于新疆北部的伊犁察布查尔地区。可以说,它是锡伯族多民族文化交融的见证。它既突显了本民族的艺术特色,又吸收了其它民族的艺术,是锡伯族人民文化宽容心理的真实体现,也是锡伯族在文化上多元混成的一次展演,因此是锡伯族文学中的一支奇葩。同时,也是锡伯族唯一现存的民间戏曲艺术的代表。本文就察布查尔地区的“汗都春”为研究对象,在田野调查和文献调查的基础上,对“汗都春”戏产生的背景、渊源与发展,腔系演变,剧目辑录,传统剧目内容分类以及音乐和表演艺术等方面进行初步研究,概括地总结了锡伯族“汗都春”曲艺艺术在各方面的特征和问题。全文除了绪言和结论以外,正文分为六部分。其基本内容如下： 1、锡伯族文学及戏曲概况。考察了锡伯族文学及戏曲的整体概况。在文学上,它呈现出以下的特点：(1)在本民族文学的基础上大量吸收满汉文学的精髓；(2)口头民间文学发达。但总体上却处于被忽视被边缘化的境况；在戏曲方面,主要有三种欣赏形式：朱仑呼兰比(即念说)、更心比(即吟唱)、汗都春(即秧歌儿曲子戏),这三种因形式的不同其内容也有所不同。其中,本文要研究的“汗都春’是最为复杂的一种曲艺,它分为平调和越调,是西迁新疆的锡伯人在清末移民的环境下,融合各方面的因素创造出的一种新曲艺。它们都被列为了非物质文化遗产。 2、与锡伯族戏曲“汗都春”相关的历史文化背景。本章从西迁锡伯族生存的地理环境入手,追溯这个民族的历史沿革及文化特性,重点考察了清朝末年举行的大规模西迁新疆、屯垦戍边的移民运动以及在这种决策下创造出的新型文化——移民文化,在移民文化的濡染下,各种移民群体和部族在新疆合流,为“汗都春”的形成和发展创造了客观条件。 3、“汗都春”的源起、发展及腔系探析。本章考察了“汗都春”的形成及发展情况,并根据调查和文献对它的腔系(平调和越调)的相关问题作了探析。 4、“汗都春”传统剧目研究。本章主要考察了“汗都春”剧目的辑录情况、内容和形式分类以及与西北其它地方戏曲剧目的比较情况。 5、“汗都春”的音乐研究。本章从“汗都春”的定弦方法及伴奏乐器、平越调曲牌结构及演唱语言等方面来探讨它的音乐本体特征。 6、“汗都春”的表演艺术研究。本章将“汗都春”与传统戏曲艺术进行比较,考察它作为一种地方民间戏曲,与传统的大戏在表演方面的共性与个性特征。经过对比发现,它作为一种民族小戏曲,集中了传统戏曲与民族戏曲之特色于一身。结论部分是对正文各章要点进行的概述,并注意到锡伯族“汗都春”之所以能够产生并得以长期保存,主要有两方面的原因：一方面,各民族的大迁徙和大移民对“汗都春”的整合及产生提供了基础；另一方面,生活方式和民俗活动的相似性也为“汗都春”的传承提供了适宜的生存空间。经过时间的淘洗和历史的积淀,它已经内化为一种民族化了的移民文化,成为西迁时代的人们对自我身份认同的一种集体无意识选择。但是,随着消费时代的到来,大众传媒等各种现代文化正在侵蚀着这一特色文化艺术,它需要人们的抢救与保护。
[Abstract]:The Sibo "Khan Yichun" (the music play, also called the "Yangge"), is the general name of the Sibo-family drama, and is also a popular play of the Sibo people. It is a new type of folk drama art which is created by the Sibo artists on the basis of the adjustment and the more adjustment, and is a new style of folk opera art which is created by the artistic characteristics of the nation, and is the outstanding achievement of the Sibo people in the West to take up the full and sweat culture in the background of the immigration of the late Qing Dynasty. In the long-term practice, combined with the cultural demand of the nation, a unique opera art is created, which is the birth of the immigrant culture. It is only in the northern part of Xinjiang, in the area of the Ili-Char-Char. It can be said that it is a witness of the blending of the ethnic and ethnic cultures of the Sibo ethnic group. It not only highlights the art characteristics of the nation, but also absorbs the art of other nationalities, it is the true expression of the cultural tolerance psychology of the people of the Sibo people, and also the one-time exhibition of the Sibo ethnic group in the culture, and is therefore an odd one in the Sibo literature. At the same time, it is the only representative of the only existing folk opera art of the Sibo family. This paper, on the basis of field investigation and literature investigation, has made a preliminary study on the background, origin and development, the evolution of the cavity system, the content classification of the traditional play, the music and the performing arts, etc. on the basis of the field investigation and the literature investigation. The characteristics and problems of the Xibo "Khan Yichun" art in various aspects are summarized in general. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into six Part. Its basic content The following are the following:1. Sibo literature A survey of Xibo's literature and the opera In the literature, it has the following characteristics: (1) the essence of the Manchu literature is absorbed in a large amount on the basis of the national literature; (2) the oral people The literature is well developed. But in general, it is in the neglected and marginalized situation; in the aspect of the opera, there are three types of appreciation: the Chulun Hulan's ratio (that is, the words of the words), the more heart-to-heart ratio (that is, the singing), the sweat-all-spring (that is, the yangko song play), and the three different forms of content It is also different, among which, the "Khan" is one of the most complex forms of Qu Yi, which is divided into two aspects, namely, the adjustment and the more adjustment, which is the result of the integration of the various factors in the environment of the migration of the Siembert in the West to the end of the Qing Dynasty. A new one. They're all listed as non-objects. The cultural and cultural heritage. It is the same as the "Khan Yichun" of the Xibo opera. This chapter starts with the geographical environment of the Xiqian Sibo family, and traces back the historical evolution and cultural characteristics of the nation, and focuses on the migration movement of the large-scale west-moving Xinjiang and the reclamation and the border of the Qing Dynasty in the last year of the Qing Dynasty, as well as the new creation under the decision-making. The culture of cultural _ migration, under the influence of the migration culture, the various groups of immigrants and the tribe join in Xinjiang, and it is the formation and development of the "Khan Yichun" The exhibition has created objective conditions. In this chapter, the formation and development of "the spring of the sweat" is examined, and its cavity system (leveling and the more) is made according to the investigation and the literature. The related problems of the adjustment are discussed in this paper.4, "Khan Yichu N " traditional play research. This chapter mainly examines the background, content and form classification of the "Khan Yichun" 's play, as well as the" traditional play ". the comparison of the opera in the other parts of the North.5, "Khan Y The music study of ". This chapter is based on the string-and-string method and the accompanying musical instrument of" the spring of the sweat ", the structure and the performance of the piano. To explore its musical body characteristics in terms of language and so on.6, "Khan The performance art of Yichun ". This chapter compares the "Khan Yichun" and the traditional opera art, and studies it as a local folk drama. In contrast, it is a kind of national small play. The first part is an outline of the main points of the text, and it is noted that the "Spring" of Sibo is able to produce and can be preserved for a long time. There are two main reasons: on the one hand, the great migration of each nation and the great immigrating to the "Chunk>" Khan Yichun The integration and production of " provides the foundation; on the other hand, the similarity of life style and folk activities is also

" Khan Yic The inheritance of hun " provides a suitable living space. After the time of the washing and the accumulation of the history, it has become a kind of nationalized immigration culture, and it becomes the west. However, with the arrival of the time of consumption, the mass media and other modern cultures are in the process of being
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J825

【参考文献】