节奏结构对情绪影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-02-05 04:55

本文关键词： 节奏结构情绪调节负性情绪情境修正理论　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：情绪调节是自古至今都备受关注的话题,因为它不仅事关我们的日常生活的方方面面,而且对我们的人格心理健康发展有着重要的影响作用。中国的古代医学就有“怒伤肝,忧思伤脾”的观点,反应了朴素的情绪调节与身心健康的认识观；西方哲学家们对情绪调节持有对立的两个观点,一种认为个体应该控制情绪,不被情绪左右,例如“保持头脑冷静的人才能成功”；另一种认为应该强调情绪的积极作用,例如“让你的情绪作你的向导”。直到20世纪80年代,情绪调节才成为心理学学科的一个相对独立的研究领域,并取得了发展。情绪调节的方法和手段多种多样,除了近期较关注的自身的认知调节和表达策略,是否可以借助其它外力的作用来更好地调节情绪,有效地减弱主体的负性情绪。人类的原始劳动创造了音乐,赋予了音乐节奏,节奏作为音乐的脉搏,音乐运动美的重要体现,节奏结构要素之间关系的稳定性和一致性是保持音乐持续运动的重要内因。音乐与情绪有着古老又密切的关系,对其二者关系的研究不仅具有重要的理论意义,同时又有重要的实践意义,并在应用心理学领域占有一席之地,如音乐治疗、音乐教育等等。音乐具有很多特性,包括音高、节奏、旋律、和声等,音乐影响人们的情绪离不开这些特性,到目前已经有一些关于音乐的旋律、调式、速度特性对情绪影响的神经科学研究和实证研究,但关于音乐其他特性对情绪影响的研究还处于萌芽阶段。通过对已有的音乐特性对情绪影响的研究发现,都是以旋律作为刺激材料,从其研究中再分析节奏相关的某些因素对情绪的影响作用,这种研究结果不可避免地带上了音高特性对情绪影响的效应。因此本研究将在保留旋律的节奏形态下,通过心理学的正负情绪量表,采用情绪调节中情境修正的策略,研究节奏结构对大学生负性情绪——悲伤的调节作用,旨在通过研究音乐中的最基本要素节奏对情绪的调节影响理论,可以给未来的应用心理学提供一定的方法和理论参考。本文主要由以下五个部分组成：Ⅰ.绪论。简要对本研究的目的、意义、现状、预期结果进行说明。Ⅱ.理论基础。本文理论部分主要从研究现状和已有的结论中寻找还没有涉及的研究内容,寻找创新点和突破点,建立有力的理论支撑,为实证研究提供假设、研究方法和手段。首先对节奏和情绪的研究现状进行总结归纳,提出节奏结构概念并对其定义以及内部要素关系进行说明,按其关系对节奏结构进行分组,然后梳理情绪调节的理论发展、策略和研究方法,以情绪调节的情境观为基础,采用心理学实验法、主观体验法等,来研究节奏对情绪(负性悲伤)调节的影响作用。Ⅲ.实证研究。这是本研究的主要实证部分,分为预实验和实验两大部分。预实验对节奏结构材料和被试进行选取,节奏结构选取唤醒度、信度和效价较高的节奏片段,被试选取近期偏向正性情绪的音乐专业和非音乐专业的西南大学的大学生。正式实验均先由视频诱发被试的悲伤情绪,测量情绪正负性分值,然后采用策略对其调节,再次测量情绪正负性分值,后测与前测的差值就是调节的作用值。实验一将采用节奏结构修正情境调节后的结果与诱发悲伤情绪后的结果进行比较,研究节奏结构对情绪调节程度的影响以及专业间和性别间效果的差异；实验二将节奏结构按其要素关系分组进行实验,研究具有不同要素关系的节奏结构对情绪调节的影响。Ⅳ.总讨论。探讨分析本研究的结果和存在的问题,根据以上的理论基础,对实验的效果进行概括的分析和讨论。分析本研究的创新点和价值以及不足点。结论：节奏结构可以影响情绪的调节,对于调节悲伤负性情绪有一定程度的影响；在节奏结构情境修正的调节下,音乐专业的被试比非音乐专业的被试调节效果好；音乐专业中女性比男性更容易受到节奏结构调节情绪的影响,调节效果更好,非音乐专业中则反之；具有密集关系、方整形态、时距较短、发音点一致的节奏结构更好地调节大学生的悲伤负性情绪,音乐专业比非音乐专业的人调节程度更强；3拍子的节奏结构不利于大学生悲伤负性情绪调节,反而会大大减弱其积极情绪。
[Abstract]:Emotional adjustment is a topic of concern since ancient times, because it is not only related to our daily life in all aspects, but also plays an important role in the healthy development of our personality. Chinese ancient medicine has "anger liver injury, and the injury of spleen" point of view, the simple emotion regulation and reaction the physical and mental health of the theory of knowledge; two viewpoints of Western philosophers of the emotion regulation holds the opposite, one is that the individual should control their emotions, not by emotions, such as "keep calm people to succeed"; another that the positive role should be emphasized in emotion, such as "let your emotions be your guide". Until 1980s, emotion regulation became a relatively independent research field of psychology, and achieved development. Methods and means of emotion regulation is varied, in addition to the recent concern The regulation and expression of cognitive strategies, whether can use other external force to better regulate emotion, negative emotion effectively weakened. The main body of primitive human labor to create music, with music rhythm, the rhythm of the music as the pulse, an important manifestation of music movement beauty, the relationship between the stability of structural elements and rhythm consistency is an important cause of continuous movement. Keep the music music and emotion has a relationship between ancient and close to the research on the relation not only has important theoretical significance, but also has important practical significance, and occupy a space for one person in the field of applied psychology, such as music therapy, music education, music has many characteristics and so on., including pitch, rhythm, melody, harmony, musical influences people's emotions cannot do without these characteristics, at present there have been some questions about the melody, tone, speed On the emotional impact of neuroscience research and empirical research, but the research on other characteristics of the emotional impact of music is still in its infancy. The music characteristics of the existing research on the emotional impact that is based on the melody as stimuli, and then analyze some factors related to the role of rhythm on the emotional impact from his research the results of this study, the effect of pitch characteristics on the emotional impact inevitably. Therefore this research will be retained in the rhythm of the form, the psychology of positive and negative emotion scale, using modified emotion regulation strategies of situation, research on College Students' rhythm structure of negative emotion regulation, sad, to the most basic elements of rhythm through the study of music on the emotional regulation effect theory can provide some reference to the application of the theory and method of psychology in the future. This paper is mainly composed of a The following five parts: I. Introduction. Briefly on the research purpose, significance, status quo, the expected results are described. II. Theoretical basis. The theoretical part of this paper mainly from the research status quo and existing results for no research involves the search for innovation and breakthrough, establish a strong theoretical support. That is the empirical research, research methods and means. The research status of rhythm and emotion are summarized, put forward the concept of rhythm structure and illustrates the relationship between the definition and internal factors, according to the relationship of rhythm structure in groups, and then sorts out the theoretical development of emotion regulation strategies and research methods, emotion regulation the situation is based on the viewpoint, the psychology experimental method, subjective experience method, to study the rhythm of emotion (negative sad) effect. 3. Regulation of empirical research. This is mainly the empirical research Part is divided into two parts. The pre experiment and pre experiment on rhythm structure materials and subjects were selected to determine the structure of arousal, rhythm, reliability and high potency rhythm fragments, participants tend to the recent positive emotion of music majors and non majors of Southwestern University students. Formal experiments were first induced by video the sad mood, emotion measurement of positive and negative scores, then by adjusting the strategy for the measurement of positive and negative emotions, again after the test scores, and the difference is measured before adjustment effect value. The experiment will use a rhythm structure adjusted and revised the situation evoked sadness after comparing the results of the difference of rhythm structure the impact of emotional regulation and professional and gender effect; experiment two rhythm structure according to its elements between grouping experiments, research with different factors and relations Effect of rhythm structure of emotion regulation. 4. General discussion. Analysis of the results of this study and the existing problems, based on the theory mentioned above, analyze and discuss the summary of the experimental results. Analysis of the study of innovation and value and the lack of points. Conclusion: the rhythm structure can affect the mood adjustment, have to a certain extent for the regulation of sad negative emotion; in the regulation of rhythm structure situation modification under the music professional subjects than non music professional subjects of good regulating effect; professional women in music more easily influenced by the structure of regulating emotional rhythm than men, adjust better, non Music Majors in contrast with; the relationship between the morphology, density, time is short, the negative emotion of sadness pronunciation point better consistent rhythm structure adjustment of college students majoring in music, music than non professional people adjust more; 3 The rhythmic structure of the racket is not conducive to the negative emotional adjustment of the college students, but will greatly weaken their positive emotions.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：J60-05

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