援道入儒归心性:《乐记》音乐本源问题的历史渊源

发布时间：2018-11-23 13:21

【摘要】：《乐记》的音乐本源理论由于涉及"心""物""气""感"等诸多范畴,容易导致人们理解上的歧义。导致上述问题的原因在于萌芽时期强调人文因素的"先王作乐"说和强调自然因素的"五行""六气"说都对《乐记》产生过重要影响。其中,"先王作乐"说被先秦儒家所继承和深化,孔子的"仁"、孟子的性善论和荀子的《乐论》在《乐记》中得到巧妙融合,构成了其音乐本源理论的主体框架;而"五行""六气"说则被先秦道家所继承,演化出"道""气"(阴阳)等范畴,《乐记》用"道"之朴素调和了"性善"与"性恶"的矛盾,又用"气"的阴阳交感作为"感于物而动"的理论基础,表现出援道入儒的特色。因此,就其主体来说,《乐记》主要是从"心""性"的角度解释音乐本源问题的。后世之所以会出现一些理解上的歧义,是由于《乐记》尝试糅合儒道两家学说但又未展开详细论证所导致的。
[Abstract]:The music origin theory of Le Ji involves many categories such as "heart", "substance", "qi" and "feeling", which can easily lead to ambiguity in people's understanding. The reason for the above problems lies in the fact that the theory of "making music before the king" and the "five elements" and "six qi", which emphasize the humanistic factors in the budding period, have had an important influence on the Book of Music. Among them, the theory of "making music before the king" was inherited and deepened by the pre-Qin Confucianists. Confucius's "benevolence", Mencius' theory of goodness of nature and Xun Zi's "Theory of Music" were skillfully integrated in the Book of Music, which constituted the main frame of his music origin theory. On the other hand, the theory of "five elements" and "six Qi" was inherited by the Taoist school of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, and evolved into the category of "Tao" and "Qi" (Yin and Yang). "Le Ji" reconciled the contradiction between "nature good" and "nature evil" with the simplicity of "Tao". The Yin-Yang syncretism of Qi is used as the theoretical basis of "feeling in the action of things", showing the characteristics of Taoism and Confucianism. Therefore, as far as its subject is concerned, Le Ji mainly explains the origin of music from the angle of "heart" and "sex". The reason why there is some ambiguity in understanding in later generations is that Le Ji tries to combine Confucianism and Taoism but does not demonstrate in detail.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学哲学学院;广州大学音乐舞蹈学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“当代美学的基本问题及批评形态”(项目编号:15ZDB023)
【分类号】：J609.2

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