二胡声腔化演奏的实践探究

发布时间：2019-06-14 07:02

【摘要】：二胡又名胡琴,是中国乐器中十分有代表性的拉弦乐器。胡琴原为民间戏曲的伴奏和乐曲合奏的形式,直到近代,刘天华先生借鉴西方乐器的演奏技法与技巧,扩充把位、发明揉弦,大大丰富了二胡的表现力,至此,二胡从民间伴奏中脱离出来,成为独奏乐器。近半个世纪以来,二胡事业发展进入繁荣时期,出现了许多经典的音乐作品以及一批优秀的二胡演奏家、教育家。二胡作品呈现出百花齐放的情景。这些既体现了二胡发展的多样化,又展现了传承与发展的音乐理念。二胡音色纯美悠扬,极富歌唱性,善于表达各种类型的音乐形象和人物情感,之所以具备声腔化的条件,一是由于二胡属于拉弦乐器,它的定弦音高与弦的张力十分契合,演奏时不需借助外力,按弦和运弓只要配合得当就会发出柔美平和的音色,二是由于乐器由蟒皮蒙之,音色接近于人声。上世纪七十年代,著名的二胡演奏家、教育家闵惠芬先生首次提出二胡演奏“声腔化”这一观点,并以此作为一生的职业追求,移植改编了大量的音乐作品,形成了自己独特的风格。二胡演奏“声腔化”的提出,不仅丰富了乐曲数量、演奏技法,更重要的是拓宽了二胡演奏的风格,所以二胡声腔化既是创新也是继承,在二胡事业的发展中具有程碑式的意义。本研究力求从声腔起源出发,详细叙述二胡声腔化的演变过程,民歌、戏曲、曲艺音乐对二胡声腔化的影响,乐曲的创作风格、演奏技巧等方面的内容,并根据自己多年的习琴经验,融入了自己独特的见解。本文运用的研究方法:一、观察研究法:在对音乐的研究中,反复地听即为观察,通过对音乐作品不同版本的“观察”进行研究分析,形成对客观事物最直观的印象和看法。二、经验总结法:通过戏曲声腔理论、中国民族民间音乐、二胡演奏技法等理论对其整理分析,进行深层次的剖析,并根据自己习琴的经验感受,结合音乐表演学理论,探究其对二胡声腔化作品的理解和感受。三、文献分析法与资料查询法:首先,通过调查大量丰富的相关文献来获得资料,从而全面地、正确地了解和诠释研究课题,其次,能将所有文献资料进行比较,并最终整合和升华,形成有力的论据,最后,可以最大限度地从客观事实出发,保证论文的准确性。
[Abstract]:Erhu, also known as Hu Qin, is a very representative string instrument in Chinese musical instruments. Hu Qin was originally the form of accompaniment and music ensemble of folk opera, until modern times, Mr. Liu Tianhua drew lessons from the playing techniques and skills of western musical instruments, expanded the position and invented kneading strings, greatly enriched the expressive force of erhu, so far, erhu broke away from folk accompaniment and became a solo instrument. In the past half century, the development of erhu has entered a prosperous period, with many classical music works and a group of excellent erhu performers and educators. Erhu works show a hundred flowers blooming scene. These not only reflect the diversification of erhu development, but also show the music concept of inheritance and development. Erhu timbre pure melodious, very singing, good at expressing various types of music images and character feelings, the reason for the vocal conditions, first, because erhu belongs to the string instrument, its chord pitch and string tension is very consistent, playing without the help of external force, as long as the string and bow as long as appropriate cooperation will send out a soft and peaceful tone, second, because the musical instrument is covered by python skin, the tone color is close to the voice. In the seventies of last century, Mr. Min Huifen, a famous erhu performer and educator, first put forward the viewpoint of "voice" playing erhu, and took it as a lifelong career pursuit. He transplants and adapts a large number of music works and forms his own unique style. The proposal of "phonicalization" of erhu not only enriches the number of music and playing techniques, but also broadens the style of erhu playing, so erhu phonicalization is both innovation and inheritance, and has the significance of Cheng Bei in the development of erhu cause. Starting from the origin of vocal cavity, this study tries to describe in detail the evolution process of erhu vocal cavity, the influence of folk songs, operas and Quyi music on erhu vocal cavity, the creative style of music, playing skills and so on, and integrates his own unique views according to his many years of piano practice experience. The research methods used in this paper are as follows: first, observation and research method: in the study of music, listening repeatedly is observation, through the research and analysis of different versions of "observation" of music works, the most intuitive impression and view of objective things is formed. Second, the method of experience summary: through the theory of opera vocal cavity, Chinese folk music, erhu playing techniques and other theories, this paper makes a deep analysis, and according to their own experience and feeling of practicing piano, combined with the theory of music performance science, probes into its understanding and feeling of erhu phonological works. Third, literature analysis and data query method: first of all, through the investigation of a large number of relevant literature to obtain data, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand and interpret the research topic, secondly, can compare all the literature materials, and finally integrate and sublimate to form a strong argument. Finally, we can proceed from objective facts to ensure the accuracy of the paper to the maximum extent.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：J632.21

【相似文献】