卡特音乐的时空秩序

发布时间：2018-11-16 12:49

【摘要】： 艾里奥特·卡特(Elliott Carter,1908-)生于纽约,是二十世纪中叶最杰出的美国作曲家之一。由于在作曲方面的突出贡献,卡特已成为二十世纪美国中叶音乐生活中不可忽视的人物之一。卡特的音乐创作语言抽象、逻辑周密、节奏复杂,他喜欢运用协奏曲、交响曲、弦乐四重奏以及奏鸣曲等传统体裁和曲式,但赋予这些传统形式以新的内容。他的音乐对听众及演奏者构成了一种“挑战”。须反复聆听多遍才会逐渐感受到它的震撼力。人们不仅从卡特的音乐风格中获得了一种全新的享受,更重要的是,对卡特在音乐创作中所体现出来的勇气与执着以及不随波逐流的艺术气质给予由衷的饮佩和尊敬。对于时间与空间的思考贯穿于卡特音乐创作之中,尤其在中期以后更是成为他音乐创作的主要来源和依据。基于这样的考虑,本文将卡特作曲技术归于时空秩序之中分别论述。以此为基础,在更高的层面上提炼出卡特音乐中时间与空间的分离与组合原则,从而用本文的观点归纳出卡特音乐时空秩序的本质特征。而后,将卡特音乐放置于同时代美国音乐的大背景之中,使之从立体的时空背景之中得以升华。本论文,主要由五个章节组成。引言之后,第一章主要介绍了卡特音乐时空秩序产生的背景;第二章通过节奏、结构以及速度诸方面分析了卡特音乐的时间特征;第二章通过音高结构、织体空间以及音色调配诸方面分析卡特音乐的空间特征;第四章探讨了卡特音乐时空秩序的特质分离、核心拆分以及手段分离等时空分离原则,以及整体结构与微观元素组合、动态趋势与恒定因素组合、线性材料立体组合等时空组合手段;第五章放眼卡特身处其中的美国音乐之中,将卡特音乐特征与主要美国作曲家的音乐进行了对比与联系,从另一个层面上论述卡特音乐如何独立或者融合于美国音乐;结语部分,对卡特音乐的时空秩序进行了进一步的抽象和概括,得出了“卡特在哲学思维指引下以严密的时空秩序,表现在时间上绵延不断、在空间上有序分布的音乐流体。这种控制音乐‘时空秩序'的方式与同时代美国其他作曲家音乐‘时空秩序'既有内在的联系,同时又具有自己的特征”的结论。
[Abstract]:Born in New York, Elliott Carter,1908- was one of the most distinguished American composers of the mid-twentieth century. Because of his outstanding contribution to composition, Carter has become one of the most important figures in American music life in the middle of the 20th century. Carter's musical writing language is abstract, logical and complex. He likes to use traditional genres and forms such as concertos, symphonies, string quartets and sonatas, but gives new content to these traditional forms. His music poses a "challenge" to the audience and players. It must be heard over and over again in order to gradually feel its shock. People not only get a brand new enjoyment from Carter's music style, but also give sincere admiration and respect to Carter's courage and persistence in music creation and the artistic temperament which does not follow the trend. The reflection of time and space runs through Carter's music creation, especially after the middle period, it becomes the main source and basis of his music creation. Based on this consideration, this paper discusses Carter's composing technology into time-space order. On this basis, the principle of separation and combination of time and space in Carter's music is abstracted on a higher level, and the essential characteristics of the temporal and spatial order of Carter's music are summed up by the viewpoint of this paper. Then, Carter music was placed in the background of contemporary American music to sublimate it from the three-dimensional space-time background. This thesis consists of five chapters. After the introduction, the first chapter mainly introduces the background of Carter music time and space order, the second chapter analyzes the time characteristics of Carter music through rhythm, structure and speed. The second chapter analyzes the spatial characteristics of Carter's music through pitch structure, texture space and timbre allocation. The fourth chapter discusses the special character separation, core separation and means separation principle of Carter music space-time order, as well as the combination of whole structure and micro elements, dynamic trend and constant factors. Linear material stereo combination and other space-time combination means; The fifth chapter focuses on the American music in which Carter is in, compares and links Carter's music characteristics with the music of major American composers, and discusses how Carter's music can be independent or integrated into American music from another level. In the conclusion part, the author further abstracts and generalizes the space-time order of Carter's music, and draws a conclusion that "under the guidance of philosophical thinking, Carter's musical fluid, which extends continuously in time and distributes orderly in space under the guidance of philosophical thinking". The conclusion that this way of controlling music 'space-time order' has its own characteristics as well as its internal connection with other American composers' music 'space-time order' at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：上海音乐学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：J614.5

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