论弗莱的文学批评

发布时间：2018-01-10 11:29

本文关键词：论弗莱的文学批评　出处：《新疆大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 诺思洛普·弗莱是20世纪享有国际声誉的文学批评家，原型批评理论的集大成者，一位有着自己独特风格的批评家。他的理论在西方文论界独成体系，其思想不断被东西方学者和理论批评家引用和讨论，为文艺科学作出了无以伦比的贡献。弗莱认为，文学的本质是神话，神话是文学的结构原则和原型模式。文学的发展就是形式的发展，是几种固定的模式和结构做周而复始的循环运行。这使文学成为一个自足自律的有机整体，作品与作品之间都存在着联系，对于任何一首诗，都必须作为一个整体来考察。弗莱的文学观决定了他的文学批评观。他认为文学批评是一门独立的科学，既不能把批评看作文学的分支或附庸，也不能把批评与其它学科混同；批评要依照从得自对文学领域的归纳性考察的概念框架来研究文学。批评应该既系统化又内在化，将作品放在整个文学系统中加以考察，研究一部作品与其他作品之间的关系，，在文学内部建立起一种历史观察方法。批评有两种语境：内部语境和外部语境，只有当两者达到平衡时，真正的批评才能产生。弗莱的“形式”概念与我们通常理解并使用的批评术语“形式”指称不尽相同。他的“形式”是包含内容的形式，既是内容，又是形式，实质是二者的浑然一体。弗莱独特的形式概念是由于“原型”本身的特性所致。弗莱提出两个重要概念：关怀的神话与自由的神话，这两种神话的结合产生出文学的社会语境，从而导致他所主张的社会批评。批评贯通在二者之间，形成缓冲，使关怀和自由达到平衡。这使他的批评具备了浓厚的文化批判和社会批判的品性。弗莱的批评思想最具影响力的是原型批评的方法和理论。他把弗雷泽人类学和荣格心理学领域的原型概念移至文学领域，认为原型就是作品中重复出现的意象和象征。寻求原型的方法是“向后站”，即用宏观的方法发现作品与作品、与传统之间的原型结构和联系，从而在宏观上把握文学类型的共性及其演变。弗莱从西方文学作品中归纳出五种模式和三种意象世界，认为它们不断置换更替、循环往复，作为原型存在于文学的发展中。弗莱理论的最显著特色是他的宏观视野和跨越性思维。他把文学视为一个整体，批评的目标就是建构一套适用于整个文学的批评理论。他始终将文学纳入广阔的文化领域框架l－11思考，使他的批评理论同时又具有文化研究的特性。弗莱理论中的跨越性思维体现在多方面，不仅跨越了各批评流派的界限，还打破学科界限进行跨学科研究，他的原型批评就是用人类学视野和近代心理学研究的某些成果研究文学的跨学科范例。弗莱的批评理论有着缺失和恃论之处。他忽视了文学与社会生活的互动关系，也忽略了文学特有的审美属性以及作家的创造性和义本的丰富性。他的理论主张与批评实践又形成种种悻论，悸论也使他的理论具有张力和多重编码性，吸引了不断增多的阐释者。
[Abstract]:North Lope Fry is a literary critic in twentieth Century enjoy international reputation, epitomize the theory of archetypal criticism, a critic of his own style. His theory on a single system in western literary circles, the idea of being the eastern and Western scholars and critics of the theory reference and discussion, made a unique contribution to the literature of science.
He believes that the essence of literature is a myth, the myth is the structure principle and prototype model of literature development. The development of literature is the form, mode and structure of several fixed cycle operation cycle. This makes the literature become a self-sustaining organic whole, between the works and the works are linked to any poem must be studied as a whole.
Frye's literary view determines his view of literary criticism. He believes that literary criticism is an independent science, neither the criticism of literature branch or vassal, also can't take criticism and other subject confusion; according to the study of literature criticism from literature inductive research conceptual framework from. Criticism should be both systematic and internalization, will work on the whole literary system to study, to study the relationship between the works and other works, establish a historical observation method in the literature. The internal criticism has two kinds of context: the internal context and external context, only when the two sides are balanced, the real criticism in order to produce.
Frye's "form" concept and we usually understand and use the term "form" reference criticism is not the same. His "form" is included in the form of content, both the content and form, essence is the two. Frye's unique form of all blend into one harmonious whole concept is due to the characteristics caused by the prototype "Frye itself. Two important concepts: concern myth and the myth of freedom, a combination of these two myths produce literary and social context, which leads to social criticism. He advocated the criticism through the buffer formed in between the two, so, care and free balance. This makes his criticism with a strong cultural and social criticism criticism of the character.
The most influential way of Frye's critical thinking is the method and theory of archetypal criticism. He shifted the archetype of Fraser's Anthropology and Carl Jung's psychology to the field of literature.
It is a repetition of images and symbols in a work. The way to seek a prototype is to "stand back", that is, to use it.
The macro method finds the prototype structure and connection between the works and the works and the tradition.
The generality and evolution of the literary genre are grasped at the macro level. Frye summed up the western literary works
The five patterns and the three images of the world believe that they are constantly replaced and repeated, as a way of repetition.
Archetype exists in the development of literature.
The most striking feature of Frye's theory is his macro vision and leapfrog thinking.
As a whole, the goal of criticism is to construct a set of critical theories applicable to the whole literature.
He always put the literature into the field of culture L11 broad thinking framework, the theory of his criticism at the same time
It also has the characteristics of cultural research. The leapfrog thinking in Frye's theory is embodied in many aspects.
It only leans across the boundaries of the criticisms and breaks the boundaries of disciplines to carry out interdisciplinary studies.
Archetypal criticism is the study of literature with some of the achievements of the anthropological field of vision and modern psychology.
An interdisciplinary paradigm.
Frye's critical theory is missing and relies on the place. He ignored the theory of literature and social life
The interactive relationship also ignores the unique aesthetic attributes of literature and the creative and semantic books of the writers.
The rich. His theory and criticism practice and form kinds of paradox, paradox also make his
Theory has tension and multiple coding, which attracts an increasing number of interpreters.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：I06

【共引文献】