新时期文学读者意识的流变

发布时间：2018-01-19 19:11

本文关键词： 新时期文学读者意识读者作家接受美学　出处：《广西师范大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 论文对新时期文学读者意识的研究原因、背景、流变情况和意义几方面进行了论述。因为对于读者意识流变的研究，不仅仅是读者研究的重要部分，而且对于作家与读者关系的改良、作家在创作过程中对他的作品的接受者(读者)的合理把握以及文学和文论本身的全面发展等有着巨大的理论价值和现实意义。所以，本文试图以接受美学的读者理论方法和视角为参照系，从社会、作家、作品、读者四方面综合地审视我国新时期文学中读者意识的流变过程，提高读者意识研究在我国文学研究和批评领域中的地位。新时期初期，中国经历了十年文革，人们对社会现实和政治十分关注，政治成为整个社会关注的热点和中心；80年代初，社会生活逐渐恢复常态，社会又响起了改革开放的历史吁求，人们对新的生活抱有美好的憧憬，对社会变革有强烈的参与意识。作为“人学”的文学由此而成为了这种社会政治情感的宣泄口和交流方式，不可避免地带上强烈的社会政治色彩，而这种文学作品的读者理所当然地也同样对社会政治倾注了较大的热情。所以，这时的读者意识更多地表现为一种社会政治意识，，读者也以社会政治型读者为主。80年代中期以后，随着改革开放的发展，社会的逐渐稳定，文学作为精神产品的功能逐渐得到正确的认识，文学被视为一种沟通现实与艺术之间关系的审美形式，文学的社会功能也由原来的“为政治服务”教化功能转向“为审美而愉悦”的审美功能；作家转向审美地把握和反映世界；读者则开始从审美的角度观照文学作品，并能动地发挥了自己的审美创造能力，读者的审美意识得到发展。90年代，高科技迅猛发展，社会信息化程度日益加强，国际间经济文化交流日趋频繁，世界走向多元化格局，国内的社会主义市场经济全面推进，这带来了物质丈明和精神文明的高度发展及多元化趋势，也带来了读者意识的多元化，带来了读者文化意识的深化。与此同时，由于市场经济的开展，文学也相应地带上一定的商品性，刚挣脱了严密的政治控制的文学又被市场经济这支无形的大手紧紧攫住，作家们虽然获得了相对的精神自由，面对的却是更加激烈无情的市场竞争。而且在大众消费浪潮的不断冲击下，文学，尤其是通俗文学开始注重读者的消费需求，并注意满足消费者的娱乐消遣需要。所以，作为读者文化意识中的一支的消费娱乐意识表现得尤为突出。新时期文学读者意识从社会政治意识转向审美意识，再转向文化意识，它们是新时期三个不同阶段读者意识的主流性特征，到21世纪它们将走向整合。从新时期丈学读者意识的流变中，我们可以得到启示：进行文学研究或批评，不能只囿于单一的批评研究模式中，而应在多维的文学视角的观照下，认清社会—作家—作品—读者四维一体的关系，以更好地挖掘出文学的美学潜能及其文化意韵，实现文学艺术的审美价值和文化价值。而要实现这一目的，作家就不能忽视读者的地位，不能忽视读者意识的存在，要创作一方面适合读者需求的作品，另一方面又对读者起到正确引导作用的作品，并不断地调整文学作品的形式、内容，更好地发挥文学的社会作用，为繁荣文艺事业而做出贡献。
[Abstract]:Background of the research, in the new period literary reader consciousness, several aspects of the rheological and significance are discussed. Because the research for the reader consciousness of rheology, is not only an important part of the research on the readers, but also for the improvement of relationship between writers and readers, writers in the creative process of his work of the recipient (the reader) is a theory great value and practical significance of the reasonable grasp of literature and literary theory itself and the comprehensive development. Therefore, this article attempts to accept the aesthetic theory and from the perspective of readers for reference, from the society, writers, works, readers to examine four aspects of the comprehensive evolution of readers consciousness in literature of the new period of our country, improve research readers awareness status in our country in the field of literary research and criticism.
At the beginning of the new era, China has experienced ten years of the cultural revolution, people pay great attention to the social reality and politics, politics has become the hot spot and the center of the whole society; at the beginning of 80s, gradually restored to normal social life, social from the history of reform and opening up background, people have a better vision of a new life, have a strong sense of participation in the social transformation. As the "human" literature which has become the social and political emotion and communication, inevitably strong social and political color, and this kind of literature readers which of course also devoted greatly to the social and political enthusiasm. Therefore, the consciousness of readers more is a kind of social and political consciousness, after the reader on social political reader based.80 in the mid-1990s, with the development of reform and opening-up, the society gradually stabilized, as the fine literature God product function get a correct understanding of literature is regarded as a form of aesthetic relationship between art and reality communication, the social function of literature from the "politics" to "as the aesthetic educational function and aesthetic pleasure; aesthetic writers turned to grasp and reflect the world; the reader is started from the aesthetic perspective of literary works, and actively play their aesthetic creativity, develop their aesthetic consciousness of.90 in the rapid development of high-tech information society, increasing international economic and cultural exchanges have become more frequent, the diversification of the world pattern, comprehensively promote the domestic socialist market economy, which brings high the development and trend of diversification of the material civilization and spiritual civilization, also brings the diversification of audience awareness brings readers deepen cultural awareness and the same. When the development of market economy, literature has a certain commodity accordingly, just break the tight political control of the literature was the market economy the invisible hand grip, although writers gain relative freedom of spirit, but it is facing more fierce market competition. This and continue to impact in mass consumption by the wave of literature, especially the popular literature readers began to focus on consumer demand, and pay attention to meet consumer entertainment needs. So, as the reader in a cultural awareness of entertainment consciousness was especially prominent. The new period literary reader consciousness from social and political consciousness to the aesthetic consciousness, and then turned to cultural consciousness and they are main features of the new era of three different stages of the reader consciousness, by twenty-first Century they will move toward integration.
From the new period literature rheology of audience awareness, we can get some enlightenment: To study literature or criticism, not only confined to a single criticism study mode, but should be in the perspective of multi-dimensional literature, understand the relationship between the social - writer works the reader together, to better exploit the potential of literary aesthetics and its cultural meaning, literary aesthetic value and cultural value. To achieve this purpose, the writer can not ignore the status of readers, readers can not ignore the existence of consciousness, to create a suitable for the needs of readers, on the other hand, readers play a proper role in guiding the work, and constantly adjust the form of literature, content, better play the social function of literature, art and make a contribution for the prosperity of the cause.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：I0-02

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