西方结构主义叙述学的嬗变及特征

发布时间：2018-03-06 20:42

本文选题：叙述　切入点：结构主义　出处：《东北师范大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 西方现代的文艺理论中有关叙述的理论，经历了三次复兴，即历史一实证主义、审美主义和结构主义叙述学。这既与不同时期的文学观念密不可分，更与不同时代人们的思维方式的差异紧密相关。继前两次理论复兴之后，叙述学的产生与出现则标志着叙述理论的第三次复兴。这样在理论的复兴中，小说理论批评就回归了自身并运用结构主义文学批评方法实现了对自身的功能批评。作为一门新兴学科，叙述学无论在批评实践上还是理论建树上都做出了重要贡献。本文将从这一新兴学科发生流变的角度，来具体阐述其本质、理论主张和文本特征，力图对其本质范畴进行全面韵考察，，以期达到有效地吸收和借鉴的目的，全文共分五章。第一章着重阐述的是叙述学产生的基础，包括文学实践基础，文学理论基础和批评方法论基础三个方面。叙述学的产生是与小说，尤其是与现当代小说的创作实践活动密切相关的。同时，作为关于叙事作品的科学，叙述学在小说研究方面，也的确抓住了小说文体的要害，提炼出了小说文体本质特征的核心范畴。批评范畴的有效性并不在于它是新的还是旧的，而在于它是否能抓住特定艺术形式的本质。结构主义叙述学正是从叙事这一小说文体分析的核心范畴出发，来更有效的切入小说本文的。毫无疑问，小说理论批评以叙事为核心远比以人物和情节为核心更能抓住其文体的特征。可以说，叙述学的产生正是文学研究领域内部结构主义文学批评与实证主义文学批评这两种文学批评方法矛盾运动的结果，是二者彼此冲突与相互斗争的产物，代表了文学理论要求进入研究领域的呼声。第二章着重阐述的是，思维层面的叙述学本质论。自有人类历史以来，人类就一直在探察着人自身韵存在，整个西方哲学史就恰恰充分地体现了这一点。一个时代哲学的核心或深层本质是思维，思维方式的差异是区分思想史上不同时代的根本标志。作为文学批评方法的结构主义是西方人的思维方式从传统向现代转换的结果。结构主义就体现了相对的非本质主义思维方式的一些特点，而这些特点反过来又影射出现代思维方式的特质。所以说结构主义叙述学的产生既是西方社会存在的产物，更是人们思维方式转换的结果。第三章着重阐述的是，学科层面的叙述学本质论。结构主义叙述学的产生与出现既是西方社会存在的产物，是人们的思维方式转换更新的结果：同时又是人文科学研究趋向综合研究倾向的需要。正是人文科学趋向综合研究的倾向，才决定了结构主义叙述学的学科本质：学科属性的不确定性、与语言学关系的密切性。从思想根源和理论渊源上来讲，对结构主义的研究首先应从语言学和人类学着手。叙述学的学科属性，不是非常明确的，根据各人的研究重点不同，它与不同的学科发生交叉关系。因此，叙述学的学科本质可归结为其学科属性的不确切性（归属缺乏定论）。第四章着重阐述的是结构主义叙述学的认识论特征：内在性和抽象性。批评观是由文学观诀定的，叙述学是以文学内在论作为自己认识论前提的。叙述学强调研究对象是内在的，所关心的是其自身内部诸因素之间的关联，是从叙述作品的内部去发掘关于叙述作品自身的规律。叙述学理论主张的第二个特点是对研究对象的抽象性的强调，叙述学的研究对象与其说是叙述作品，不如说是叙述作品的规律。第五章着重阐述的是结构主义叙述学的文本特征。时况，语式和语态是叙述作品的文本特征，笔者结合西方小说的具体创作实践，从时况，语式和语态这三个方面来具体探讨叙述作品的文本特征在西方小说的发展中的显示及表现。从而使我们能够对小说文本中的叙述结构模式有个大致的了解，增进对文学叙述规律的理解，进而对叙述学这门全新的新兴学科有一个全面的把握和理解。最后得出结论：叙述学借用结构主义语言学的语言模式来对叙述作品进行系统、科学的研究，从而摆脱了以往的印象式、传记式、历史式的批评方法，使对小说的研究达到了科学的高度，也使对小说规律、叙述机制等的研究开始在小说理论中占据了核心和主导地位。这样，继历史一实证主义、审美主义之后，西方结构主义叙述学在回归自身的文学理论的复兴中实现了小说理论批评自身的功能批评。笔者相信，在学者们的不断努力下，叙述学必将沿理论综合的方向继续探索并不断向前发展，为小说理论批评做出更大贡献。
[Abstract]:On the narrative theory of modern western literary theory, has experienced three Renaissance, namely historical positivism, aesthetics and structuralism narratology. It is closely related with the literature concept in different periods, different people in different ages and ways of thinking are closely related. After two times before the revival of narrative theory. Appearance marks the third Renaissance narrative theory. This theory in the Renaissance, the novel criticism turns to itself and the use of structuralist literary criticism method to realize its function of criticism. As a new subject, narrative criticism both in the practical and theoretical achievements have made important contributions this paper will take place. From the perspective of the rheology of this emerging discipline, to expound its essence, theory and text features, trying to conduct a comprehensive investigation of rhyme essence category, to achieve. To the purpose of effective absorption and reference, the full text is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter focuses on the basis of narrative, including basic literary practice, literary theory and criticism methodology based on three aspects. The origination of narratology and novels, which is closely related to contemporary fiction writing practice. At the same time, as the science for the narrative works, narrative in novels do research, to seize the key of novel style, refined the core category of stylistical characteristics of the novel. The effectiveness of the criticism is not that it is new or old, but that it can grasp the nature of a specific artistic form. Structuralism narratology is the core category of analysis from this novel narrative the style of more effective breakthrough novel in this paper. There is no doubt that the novel theory criticism in the narrative characteristic of the core can be grasped more style than the characters and the plot can be said as the core, The emergence of narratology is the result of the contradictory movement of the two literary criticism methods in the field of literary research, namely, the internal structuralism and the positivist literary criticism. It is the product of the conflict and struggle between the two. It represents the voice of literature theory to enter the research field.
The second chapter focuses on the thinking level, the nature of structuralism narratology. Since the dawn of human history, human beings have been investigating the people's own rhyme exists, the history of western philosophy just embodies this point. A philosophy core or deep essence is thinking, way of thinking is to distinguish between differences the fundamental symbol of different era in the history of thought as a method of literary criticism.
Structuralism is the result of the westerner's way of thinking from traditional to modern. Structuralism
It embodies some of the characteristics of the relative non essentialism way of thinking, which are in turn
The characteristics of the reflection of the way of thinking. Therefore, the emergence of structuralist narratology is not only the West.
The product of social existence is the result of the transformation of people's thinking mode.
The third chapter focuses on the essentialism of narratology at the subject level. The structuralist narrative
The emergence and emergence of learning is not only the product of the existence of Western society, but also the transformation of people's way of thinking.
The new result: at the same time, it is the need for the tendency of comprehensive research in the humanities. It is the human being.
The tendency of liberal arts to tend to a comprehensive study determines the nature of the subject of structuralist narratology.
The uncertainty of subject attributes and the close relationship with linguistics. From the ideological root and the theoretical abyss
From the point of view, the study of structuralism should begin with linguistics and anthropology.
The attribute of the subject is not very clear, according to the different focus of each person's research, it is different from the other.
As a result, the nature of the subject of narratology can be attributed to its subject attributes.
The inaccuracy (attribution is lacking).
The fourth chapter focuses on the epistemological features of structuralist Narratology: internality and extraction
The concept of criticism is determined by the view of literature, and narratology is recognized as the inner theory of literature.
The precondition of the theory of knowledge. Narratology emphasizes that the object of study is intrinsic and concerned with its own interior.
The relationship between the factors is to explore the narrative work itself from the interior of the narrative work.
The second characteristics of the theory of narratology are the emphasis on the abstractness of the object of study.
The object of the study of narratology is rather than the narrative work, rather than the law of the narrative.
The fifth chapter focuses on the textual features of structuralist narratology.
The voice is the text feature of the narrative works, and the author combines the concrete creation practice of the western novels.
The three aspects of the tense situation, the language and the voice are used to discuss the textual features of the narrative works in the West.
The display and expression in the development of the novel enable us to describe the narrative in the text of the novel.
There is a general understanding of the structure pattern, which enhances the understanding of the law of literary narration, and then to the Narratology
This new emerging discipline has a comprehensive grasp and understanding.
The final conclusion is that narratology uses the language pattern of structuralist linguistics to describe the narrative
The works carried out systematic and scientific research, thus getting rid of the previous impressions, biographies, calendars, and calendars.
The method of historical criticism makes the study of the novel reach a scientific level, and also makes the novel a rule.
The study of law, narrative mechanism and so on began to occupy the core and dominant position in the novel theory.
After a historical positivism and aestheticism, Western structuralist narratology was returned
In the revival of his literary theory, the author has realized the functional criticism of the novel's theoretical criticism.
It is believed that, under the constant efforts of the scholars, the Narratology will continue to explore the direction of the theory.
The continuous development of the cable has made a greater contribution to the theoretical criticism of the novel.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：I054

【引证文献】