基于可及性理论的英语母语者的汉语隐现句习得研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 14:42

本文关键词： 隐现句可及性英语母语者二语习得　出处：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉语隐现句指用来表示事物出现或消失的句子,一般被认为是存现句的下位句式。隐现句是现代汉语中有鲜明特色及对外汉语教学领域出现频率较高的一类句式,因而对其习得情况的具体研究有着十分重要的意义。本文以英语为母语的汉语学习者为研究对象,以日益受到学界重视的可及性层级为理论基点,力求对汉语隐现句的可及和习得情况进行较为全面细致的研究和分析,从而指向更有效的对外汉语教学。全文共分四章：第一章为绪论部分,介绍本文的选题缘由和研究的主要旨趣,对文章的理论基础和研究方法加以阐释,同时提出本文研究的主要问题。第二章总体介绍了汉语隐现句的相关研究,并重点阐释了隐现句各组成部分的分类情况和本文隐现句研究的类型界定。汉语隐现句的本体研究在汉语存现句研究的大背景下取得了一些成果,但是隐现句在二语习得方面的专门研究则相对匮乏。根据学界比较多采用的将隐现句结构分A、B、C三段的方法,第二章中还分别讨论了隐现句三段的特点,进而确定了本文研究中的隐现句分类的四个维度,即语义类别、语义复杂度、语用频率和句法标记。第三章是本文研究实验的主体部分,对英语母语者隐现句的可及性情况进行了具体的考察和分析。第一节首先具体介绍了本文的研究方法和实验设计,包括研究的被试情况,调查问卷各大项的具体研究目标、设计思路和用例设置情况等。第二节在统计数据和进行比对分析后,详细地阐述了中级水平和高级水平被试对于隐现句各个维度分类下的不同表现,进而对隐现句的可及情况进行具体分析和探究。第四章是本文的结论部分,同时讨论了一些对外汉语的教学启示。通过对隐现句可及情况的结果分析,文章总结了本文研究问题的一些结论：从纵向上看,即学习者隐现句可及性的纵向发展上,学习者对隐现句可及程度的差异是明显的,高级水平学习者普遍比中级水平学习者在隐现句的可及等级上高。从横向上看,即学习者对隐现句可及性的横向分类中,学习者对隐现句的可及程度在各维度上的表现呈现出一定差异。语义类别这一维度对于英语为母语的学习者的隐现句可及性没有明显的影响；而后三个维度,即语义复杂度、语用频率、句法标记则不同程度地对英语母语者的隐现句学习过程产生比较显著的影响。第四章中还讨论了学习者对隐现句存在的大量回避现象及其分布,同时对英语母语者的隐现句偏误情况进行了分类和原因分析,指出英语母语者较明显地受到母语负迁移的影响以及输入语料的作用。由此,文章最后还提出一定的在对外汉语教学实践中的建议,如在教材编排上应使教材编写顺序与隐现句各类别的可及等级相契合,从而形成良性互动；在教学中可以将存在句和隐现句进行句法结构和表达功能的对比教学；对英语有标记形式的隐现句转换,需要用大量的语言输入进行重复刺激,结合对输入内容进行有意识的选取和教学设计等手段,从而共同指向更有效的对外汉语教学。
[Abstract]:Chinese fugitive sentence refers to things that appear or disappear sentences are generally considered existential sentence. The fugitive sentence is one kind of high frequency characteristic patterns and teaching Chinese as a foreign language in the field of modern Chinese, and the specific research on its acquisition has a very important significance. This article in English speakers as the research object, with the growing Accessibility Hierarchy of academic circles as the theoretical basis, to the Chinese fugitive sentence and the acquisition of a complete and detailed research and analysis, thus pointing to foreign language teaching more effectively.
The full text is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction. It introduces the reasons and main purport of this paper, explains the theoretical basis and research methods of the article, and points out the main problems of this study.
The second chapter introduces the related research of Chinese fugitive sentence, and emphatically explains the fugitive sentence of each part of the classification and the fugitive sentence type of study. Definition of Chinese fugitive sentence ontology research of existential sentences in Chinese under the background of the research has made some achievements, but in two sentences in Chinese language acquisition special the research is relatively scarce. According to scholars more using the fugitive sentence structure is divided into A, B, C three methods, the second chapter is discussed. Characteristics of the fugitive sentence in paragraph three, and the four dimensions in this study to determine the fugitive sentence classification, namely semantic category, semantic complexity. Pragmatic frequency and syntactic markers.
The third chapter is the main body of this paper is the experimental part, the English speakers of fugitive sentence and conducted a detailed investigation and analysis. The first section introduces the research methods and experimental design in this paper, including the research subjects, the major items of the questionnaire with the research objectives, design ideas and case set up. In the second quarter of the statistics and comparative analysis, elaborated the intermediate level and advanced level subjects for different manifestations of the fugitive sentence classification of each dimension of the situation and the fugitive sentence and analysis.
The fourth chapter is the conclusion of this article, and some foreign language teaching are discussed. Based on the revelation of the fugitive sentence can be and the results of the analysis, the article summarizes some of the conclusions of the research question: from the longitudinal view, i.e. learner accessibility on the longitudinal development, learning is obvious on the difference the fugitive sentence accessibility, advanced learners generally than the intermediate level learners in grades and sentence form high. From the horizontal perspective, namely learners on the accessibility of the horizontal classification, learners on performance and degree of fugitive sentence in each dimension of the show the difference. The semantic category of this dimension for English speaking learners of accessibility has no obvious effect; the latter three dimensions, namely semantic complexity, pragmatic frequency, syntactic markers of different degrees of English Chinese fugitive sentence Have more significant impact in the learning process. The fourth chapter discusses learners of avoidance phenomenon and the distribution of the fugitive sentence exist, at the same time on English Chinese fugitive sentence errors are classified and analyzed, pointed out that English speakers are significantly affected by the negative transfer of the mother tongue and the role of language input. Thus, the article finally put some in the practice of Chinese teaching suggestions, such as in the textbook should be made and grade materials can be written order and various categories of fugitive sentence fit, thus forming the benign interaction; in contrast teaching can be existence and expression of syntactic structure of sentences and function in the teaching of fugitive sentence; marked forms of fugitive sentence conversion in English, the need for repeated stimulation with a large number of language input, combined with the selection of conscious and teaching design means to input from the content. And it points to a more effective teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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