针对韩国留学生的汉语成语分类和教学

发布时间：2018-03-11 00:10

本文选题：韩国留学生　切入点：汉语成语　出处：《上海外国语大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉语成语作为汉语词汇系统中的特殊类型，不仅超越了“字”和“词”的简单组合，还凝结了中国古代文化的精髓、反映了古代汉语的历史沿革、蕴含了汉民族赋予它的独特情感。因此，汉语成语教学是对外汉语词汇教学中的重要环节，而且具有独特的意义和价值。中韩两国同属汉字文化圈，有着源远流长的语言文化交流关系，在汉字文化的传播和影响中，韩国语里产生了大量的四字汉字成语。在韩国留学生的汉语学习中，这些汉字成语有的可以形成正迁移，有的则可以产生负迁移，因此，针对韩国留学生的汉语成语教学应有符合其特点的成语分类和教学方式。本论文主要以第二语言学习者的认知特征分析、偏误分析理论和对比语言学理论等为理论基础，对《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲（修订本）》中出现的127个成语和刘长征、秦鹏（2007）对15种主流报纸中四字成语的使用情况所作的《基于中国主流报纸动态流通语料库（DCC）的成语使用情况调查》中出现的300个成语进行了整合，剔除了50个重复的成语之后得到377个常用成语，根据常用程度、参照《大纲》要求进行了重新排序，首先分出高频成语50个和次高频成语327个。高频成语不仅是最为常用的成语，也是大纲明确要求需要牢固掌握并熟练运用的成语；次高频成语根据常用度再次分为甲级成语（77个）和乙级成语（250个），而后依据韩国留学生的可懂度（即汉韩成语的语义和形态对应关系），对遴选出来的127个（其中包括50个高频成语和77个甲级次高频成语）四字成语进行重新分类整理，分出汉韩同形同义成语、汉韩同形异义成语、汉韩异形同义成语三个类型。最后通过对比分析和偏误分析、调查问卷等方法，对每个类别的成语进行分析后，，提出针对韩国人的对外汉语成语教学的教学建议。即教学方法上，要以语义和句法层面的深入教学为基础，强化语用层面的研究和教学；课堂教学上，要注重学习者背景和文化差异，进行有计划、有针对性的汉语成语教学；在教学顺序和方式上，要按照汉韩成语的相似性程度和难易度分级教学，充分发挥韩国留学生母语和文化的正迁移作用。
[Abstract]:As a special type of Chinese lexical system, Chinese idioms not only transcend the simple combination of "words" and "words", but also condense the essence of ancient Chinese culture and reflect the historical evolution of ancient Chinese. Therefore, the teaching of Chinese idioms is an important link in the teaching of Chinese vocabulary as a foreign language, and has unique significance and value. With a long history of language and cultural exchanges, in the spread and influence of Chinese characters culture, a large number of four-character Chinese characters idioms have been produced in Korean. Some of these Chinese characters idioms can form positive transfer in the learning of Chinese by Korean students. Some can produce negative transfer, therefore, the teaching of Chinese idioms for Korean students should be in accordance with its characteristics of idiom classification and teaching methods. Based on the cognitive characteristics of second language learners, the theory of error analysis and the theory of contrastive linguistics, this thesis focuses on 127 idioms and Liu Changzheng, which appeared in the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese character grades (revised). Qin Peng-ng (2007) integrates 300 idioms in the Survey of idioms based on the dynamic Circulation Corpus of Chinese mainstream newspapers, which are based on the use of four-character idioms in 15 kinds of mainstream newspapers. After removing 50 duplicated idioms, 377 common idioms were obtained and reordered according to the requirements of the syllabus. First, there are 50 high-frequency idioms and 327 sub-high-frequency idioms. The high-frequency idioms are not only the most commonly used idioms, but also the idioms that need to be firmly grasped and skillfully used in the outline. The sub-high frequency idioms are subdivided into Grade A idioms (77) and Grade B idioms (250 idioms) according to the degree of common use. Then according to the intelligibility of Korean students (that is, the semantic and morphological correspondence of Chinese and Korean idioms), 127 of them are selected. The four-character idioms, including 50 high-frequency idioms and 77 high-frequency idioms of Grade A, were reclassified and sorted out. There are three types of Chinese and Korean synonymy idioms, Chinese and Korean isomorphic idioms, and Chinese and Korean isomorphic synonymous idioms. Finally, through comparative analysis and error analysis, questionnaire and other methods, after analyzing each kind of idioms, the author puts forward some teaching suggestions for Korean people in teaching Chinese idioms as a foreign language, that is, teaching methods. On the basis of deep teaching in semantic and syntactic level, we should strengthen the research and teaching of pragmatics, pay attention to learners' background and cultural differences, and carry out planned and targeted Chinese idiom teaching in classroom teaching. In teaching order and method, we should give full play to the positive transfer of Korean students' mother tongue and culture according to the similarity and difficulty of Chinese and Korean idioms.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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