中国南方汉语儿童轻声习得

发布时间：2018-03-24 16:45

本文选题：南方汉语儿童　切入点：轻声习得　出处：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语是声调语言，有四个声调和一个轻声。国内外对汉语声调的研究大部分是针对四个声调而展开(ChenKent,2009; Cheng,1973; ChuangHiki,1972;Clumeck,1980; Gao, ShiLi,2010; LiThompson,1977; ShenLin,1991; Shi,1991; Wang,1967; ZhuDodd,2000and2002; and many others)，只有寥寥几篇是关于轻声习得的研究(LiThompson,1977; ZhuDodd,2000)。大部分对轻声的研究是以成人轻声音节为研究对象，探讨其声学特征，即时长，音强，基频及元音音色。关于儿童轻声习得的研究表明儿童4岁并未完全掌握轻声。本学位论文通过对32名只讲汉语普通话的长沙幼儿园学生进行调查研究，，具体探讨以下三个问题： 1)南方汉语儿童何时习得轻声？ 2)对于五种典型轻声音节，南方汉语儿童的习得顺序是什么？ 3)南方汉语儿童轻声音节有怎样的声学特征？受试者是32名只讲普通话的3岁6个月至5岁6个月大的长沙儿童。根据年龄受试者被分为四个组，以6个月为一年龄段。儿童在幼儿园自然环境下完成图片命名任务。总计提取了1280个以轻声音节结尾的双音节。用宽式国际音标标注语料。作者两次独立完成分音和标注之后，之后请两位汉语方向研究生进行再次核对，内部信度达93.2%，外部信度达95.1%。针对前面两个研究问题，本文采用了Zhu(2002)的66.7%习得标准进行统计分析。而后以已完全习得轻声的儿童产出的轻声词为研究对象，探索南方汉语儿童轻声音节的声学特征。本文采用对数Z-Score对基频进行规整，从而得出其五度值的方法。在研究的基础上主要有以下发现： 1)儿童在4岁6个月至5岁时已习得轻声。 2)儿童词汇中的5种典型轻声音节的习顺序是：叠词以语气助词“的”结尾的词以“个”结尾的指示词和数词以“子”结尾的名词词汇类轻声。 3)时长，音强、基频和元音音色都是轻声的重要声学特征。轻声音节的时长明显比前音节的时长短，但其比例不稳定。轻声音节的基频曲拱随前音节声调而变化。轻声音节的音强不一定比前音节小。儿童有元音央化现象但其元音格局仍然可辨。
[Abstract]:Chinese is tone language, There are four tones and one whisper. Most of the studies on Chinese tones at home and abroad are directed at four tones: ChenKent 2009; Chengwei 1973; Chuang Hikiang 1972 Clumeckn; Gao, Shili 2010; LiThompsonian 1977; ShenLin1991; Shih1991; Wangn 1967; ZhuDoddong 2000 and 2002; and many others, only a few of them are light tone acquisition studies; ZhuDoddl2000. The study of whispering is to study the adult whispering syllable. Its acoustic characteristics, namely, length of time, sound intensity, The basic frequency and vowel timbre. The study on children's acquisition of soft voice shows that the children of 4 years old do not fully master the soft voice. This dissertation investigates 32 students in Changsha kindergarten who only speak Mandarin and discusses the following three questions:. 1) when do Southern Chinese children learn to speak softly? 2) for the five typical softly syllables, what is the acquisition order of Southern Chinese children? 3) what are the acoustic characteristics of the soft syllable of Southern Chinese children? The subjects were 32 Mandarin speaking Changsha children aged 3 years, 6 months to 5 months old and 6 months old. They were divided into four groups according to their age. Six months as the age group. Children completed the task of naming pictures in kindergarten environment. A total of 1280 disyllabic syllables were extracted. The corpus was marked with wide International phonetic Alphabet. After that, two Chinese direction graduate students were asked to check again. The internal reliability reached 93.2and the external reliability reached 95.1. Aiming at the first two research questions, This paper uses the 66.7% acquisition standard of Zhuan 2002.Then, the acoustic characteristics of the soft syllable of Chinese children in southern China are explored by taking the muted words produced by children who have been fully learned as subjects. The fundamental frequency is regulated by logarithmic Z-Score in this paper. Thus, the method of obtaining the value of five degrees is obtained. On the basis of the research, the main findings are as follows:. 1) Children have learned to speak softly between the ages of 4 and 6 months and 5 years of age. 2) the customary order of the five typical softly syllable in children's vocabulary is that the words ending with "individual" and the noun words with "sub" end in the repetition word "mood auxiliary" and the noun word with "sub". 3) duration, strong tone, fundamental frequency and vowel tone are all important acoustic characteristics of soft sound. The duration of light syllable is obviously longer than that of previous syllable. But its proportion is unstable. The fundamental frequency arch of the light syllable changes with the tone of the front syllable. The intensity of the light syllable is not necessarily smaller than that of the front syllable. The children have the phenomenon of central vowel but the vowel pattern is still discernible.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H193.1

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