湖南张家界方言语音研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 23:37

本文选题：张家界 + 汉语方言　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：张家界处于湘西北的西南官话区,因其较为复杂的民族成份以及特殊的地理位置,使得该地区方言具有很多与常见西南官话不同的特点,过渡性质比较明显。本文以张家界方言为研究对象,从历时与共时的角度,运用静态描写、图表、统计以及比较等方法对张家界方言的语音系统进行研究。旨在揭示出张家界方言语音的主要特征和演变的大致过程及趋势,然后结合前人的观点探讨其归属。本文共分6章：第1章简要介绍张家界的地理、历史、人口、民族、语言使用情况以及张家界方言的研究现状等。第2章列出张家界共30个方言点的音系。第3章将张家界方言与中古音系进行比较,全面梳理张家界方言与中古音的对应关系。本章内容中很重要的一点是古入声的今读音情况：张家界东、西部的大部分地区入声已与其他调类合并,基本只有四个单字调,而四县区交界的中部地区基本还保留着入声,多为五个调类。第4章分析张家界方言几个声韵调的演变情况。一、声母方面： 1.非敷奉与晓匣合口字在今张家界方言中全部相混,非晓组相混主要与介音或主元音u有关。 2.来自帮非见以及知章组的唇齿音声母pf、pf是因为受到u的唇齿化作用而后有的一种语音演变。 3.绝大部分地区今分平翘舌,古知章组基本读ts组音,庄组有ts、ts两组读音,从ts向ts演变的趋势很明显。二、韵母方面： 1. h/h韵来自合口三等,根据来源及今读音,可将其分为精见晓与知章不混型、精见晓与知章合流型两类。 2.蟹摄开口一、二等字有三种读音,从桑植县城、慈利县城的ai演变到张家界市区的￡,复元音韵母单元音化。桑植芙蓉桥、马合口两个白族乡有(?)/ε两个层次的读音,(?)为白读层,ε为文读层,显然在按着元音高化的路径进行演变。 3.鼻辅音韵尾的今读音分两种类型：“三桑san”相混型与“三san／桑saη”不混型。深臻曾梗摄大都收-n尾,前低元音后接舌根鼻音韵尾-η时更容易鼻化,如桑植芙蓉桥、马合口等地：帮p5、装tsu5,后高圆唇元音后接舌根鼻音韵尾的oη、ioη最不容易丢失后鼻音韵尾。三、声调方面： 1.永定区谢家垭乡以及沅古坪镇的古全浊上、浊去均与清平字合流读阴平,合流的原因主要为调值的相近。 2.慈利县全境、桑植县19个乡镇、武陵源1个乡、永定区1个乡的古清去字与古浊平字合流读阳平。根据《湖南方言调查报告》提供的材料以及周边地区方言的今读音,我们认为是最近几十年因为调值较接近得以合流,与江西赣方言“清去归阳平”似乎没有联系。由于受到周边强势方言的影响,这种合流还未完成就又开始分化,部分字的白读音念阳平,文读音念去声。 3.今张家界有近一半地区保留入声调(包括张家界市区),但没有入声韵尾。无入声调的方言中古入声字主要与古去声字合流读去声或与古清平字合流读阴平。第5章介绍湖南白族的来源及分布,然后对占据湖南白族人口95%以上的张家界以及怀化市沅陵县的白族汉语方言中存在的几个语音现象与白语以及江西客赣方言进行比较,结果发现张家界最为典型的白族汉语方言桑植“民家腔”并不像之前认为的保留了很多白语的底层,而是与江西方言特别是赣语保持着较高的一致性,这与其移民历史相吻合。第6章总体概括张家界方言的语音特点,结合当地人的语感以及前人对张家界方言归属的看法,最后通过“古去声字是否分阴阳”这一标准将张家界方言分成两片：第一片与《汉语官话方言研究》(2010)所分西南官话湖广片的湘北小片比较一致,特点是古去声字今分阴阳。第二片与《汉语官话方言研究》(2010)所分西南官话湖广片的鄂中小片在整体语言面貌上比较一致,特点是四声调值与武汉接近。
[Abstract]:Zhangjiajie is located in the southwest mandarin area of Northwest Hunan. Because of its complicated ethnic composition and special geographical position, the dialect of the region has many characteristics different from the common southwest mandarin, and the transition nature is quite obvious. This article takes the Zhangjiajie dialect as the research object, using the static description, chart, and statistics from the perspective of the calendar and the synchronic. The research on the phonetic system of Zhangjiajie dialect is carried out by comparison and other methods. The purpose is to reveal the main features and the general process and trend of the phonetics in Zhangjiajie dialect, and then to discuss its ownership in the light of the views of the predecessors.
This article is divided into 6 chapters.
The first chapter briefly introduces Zhangjiajie's geography, history, population, ethnic groups, language use, and the current research situation of Zhangjiajie dialect.
The second chapter lists the phonology of the 30 dialect points in Zhangjiajie.
The third chapter compares the Zhangjiajie dialect with the ancient Chinese phonology, and comprehensively combs the correspondence between Zhangjiajie dialect and ancient Chinese pronunciation.
A very important point in the content of this chapter is the pronunciation of the ancient sound. In the East and west of Zhangjiajie, most of the regions have been merged with other types, with only four single words, while the central region at the border of the four counties is basically retained, mostly five categories.
The fourth chapter analyzes the evolution of several tones in Zhangjiajie dialect.
First, the consonant aspect:
1. the combination of non Fu and Xiao box is all mixed up in today's Zhangjiajie dialect. The mixing of the non Xiao group is mainly related to the u or the main vowel.
The 2. is from the lip and tooth consonants of PF and PF, which is due to the labial effect of u, and then a kind of speech evolution.
3. most of the regions are divided into two groups. The ancient knowledge group basically reads TS group sound, Zhuang group has ts, TS two group pronunciation, the trend of evolution from ts to TS is very obvious.
Two, vowel:
The 1. h/h rhyme comes from Hekou three. According to its source and pronunciation, it can be divided into two categories, namely, a clear understanding and a clear understanding.
There are three kinds of pronunciation in the 2. crab opening and two words, from the county town in Sangzhi, the AI of the Cili county to the city of Zhangjiajie, the phonetic unit of compound phonetic unit, the Furong bridge in Sangzhi, and the two Bai townships of the Sangzhi. (?) as the white reading layer, the epsilon is the literary reading layer, and obviously evolves according to the path of vowel high.
3. nasal consonant rhyme of the present pronunciation of two types: "three mulberry San" mixed type and "three San / mulberry SA ETA" type. Deep Zhen Zeng was mostly collected -n tail, the front low vowel after the root nasal sound tail - ETA is more easy to nose, such as Sangzhi Hibiscus bridge, horse's mouth and other places: P5, tsu5, the rear high rounded vowel o ETA, IO ETA It is the most difficult to lose the rear nasal consonant.
Three, tone aspect:
1. the ancient turbidite of Xie Jia Ya Township and the ancient town of Yuan Gu in Yongding District, both of which are combined with Qingping characters to read Yin and Ping, are the main reasons for convergence.
2. Cili County, 19 villages and towns in Sangzhi County, 1 townships in Wulingyuan and 1 townships in Yongding District, and the ancient Qing Dynasty words and the ancient turbid words together to read Yang Ping. According to the materials provided by the Hunan dialect survey report and the modern pronunciation of the dialects in the surrounding areas, we think that it is in recent decades that the value of the adjustment is close, and the dialect of the Jiangxi Gan dialect is "clear to the sun" There seems to be no connection. Due to the influence of the surrounding strong dialects, this kind of confluence has not been completed yet.
3. in today's Zhangjiajie, nearly half of the areas are kept in the tone (including Zhangjiajie city), but there is no sound of sound.
The fifth chapter introduces the origin and distribution of the Bai people in Hunan, and then compares some phonetic phenomena in the Bai dialect in the Bai Chinese dialect, which occupies more than 95% of the Bai population in Hunan and Huaihua city Yuanling County, and compares the dialect between the Bai dialect and the Jiangxi guest Gan dialect. The result is the discovery of the most typical Bai Chinese dialect of the Zhangjiajie, the "people's house" in the Bai Chinese dialect of the Zhangjiajie, and in Sangzhi. Unlike those previously believed to retain a lot of white language at the bottom, they maintained a high consistency with Jiangxi dialect, especially Gan dialect, which coincided with its immigration history.
The sixth chapter generalizes the phonetic characteristics of Zhangjiajie dialect, and combines the language sense of the local people as well as the predecessors' views on the ownership of Zhangjiajie dialect. Finally, the Zhangjiajie dialect is divided into two pieces by the standard of "whether the ancient Chinese words are divided into yin and Yang".
The first piece is compared with the Chinese Mandarin dialect study (2010).
The second tablets and the Chinese Mandarin dialect study (2010) are in the same language in the overall language of the Hubei Province, which is divided into the Huguang films of the Southwest Mandarin. The feature is that the four tone value is close to Wuhan.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172.3

【参考文献】