汉语不同文体阅读的眼动特征研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 05:59

【摘要】：阅读是我们在日常的学习、生活中所必须的一项技能,它与我们的生活息息相关,通过眼动的方法来探究人们在阅读时的认知过程,已成为当前认知心理学的热点研究问题。本文以散文、新闻、诗歌和文言文为实验材料,采用眼动随动显示技术,从词汇、短语、句子三个层次对汉语阅读中的眼动认知方式加以研究,通过对原始眼动信号进行处理、统计和分析,借助阅读参数、注视参数、眼跳参数等重要眼动参数来探索阅读时的语言加工机制。本文论述了有关汉语阅读眼动的研究现状,概括了阅读中的几种眼动模式,阐述了本文的研究理论基础和方法,详细介绍了有关眼动随动显示技术的原理、研究方法、实验流程、在语言研究中获得的成果和有关本文研究的具体实验方案设计。本文在第三章中重点对实验材料进行了详细的分析,从词频和笔画数对词语认知加工的影响、关键词在篇章阅读中的眼动特征、主题句在篇章阅读中的眼动特征三个层面对四种文体阅读的眼动数据进行了统计和分析,得出了以下结论： (1)在现代文体阅读中,材料的词频效应显著,笔画数效应不显著；在古代文体阅读中,材料的词频效应不显著,笔画数效应相对较显著。 (2)在关键词短语的阅读中,无论是现代文体还是古代文体,对于谓词性短语的注意都要高于名词性短语,表现为注视次数多,注视点持续时间长,眼跳次数多,眼跳时间长,眼跳距离短。 (3)在篇章关键句的阅读中,现代文体阅读时,关键句、文章的首句和末句相比文中的其他句子的眼动信号,表现为较大的差异；而在古代文体阅读时,这种差异并不十分明显。 (4)通过对古代文体和现代文体阅读的比较,发现虽然同为汉语,但由于语法和语义的变化,在眼动参数上表现为明显的不同,使被试的阅读认知过程也产生了差异,说明阅读材料的语法结构和意义的表达与读者的阅读习惯是否相似,是影响阅读的一个重要因素。 (5)通过对实验数据的归纳和总结,发现眼动信号参数之间的关系有：眼跳距离和注视次数之间呈反比,眼跳距离和眼跳时间之间呈反比,注视次数和注视点持续时间之间呈正比。
[Abstract]:Reading is a necessary skill in our daily study and life. It is closely related to our daily life. It has become a hot research issue in cognitive psychology to explore the cognitive process of reading through the method of eye movement. In this paper, using prose, news, poetry and classical Chinese as experimental materials, eye movement display technology is used to study the cognitive mode of eye movement in Chinese reading from the three levels of vocabulary, phrase and sentence, and the original eye movement signal is processed. Through statistics and analysis, some important eye movement parameters, such as reading parameters, gaze parameters and eye movement parameters, are used to explore the mechanism of language processing in reading. This paper discusses the research status of eye movement in Chinese reading, summarizes several kinds of eye movement patterns in reading, expounds the theoretical basis and methods of this paper, and introduces in detail the principle and research methods of eye movement following display technology. The experiment flow, the results obtained in the language research and the specific experimental scheme design of this paper. In the third chapter, the experimental materials are analyzed in detail, including the influence of word frequency and stroke number on the cognitive processing of words, the eye movement characteristics of keywords in text reading. In this paper, three levels of eye movement characteristics of topic sentences in text reading are analyzed and analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) in modern stylistic reading, the word frequency effect of materials is significant; The number effect of stroke is not significant; in ancient stylistic reading, the word frequency effect of material is not significant, and the number effect of stroke is relatively significant. (2) in the reading of key phrase, whether it is modern style or ancient style, The attention of predicate phrase is higher than that of nominal phrase, which is shown by more fixation, longer fixation point, more time of eye jump, longer time of saccade and shorter distance. (3) in the reading of key sentences, When reading in modern style, the key sentences, the first sentence of the article and the last sentence have different eye movement signals compared with the other sentences in the text, but in the ancient style of reading, The difference is not very obvious. (4) by comparing the ancient style with the modern style, we find that although the same language is Chinese, the eye movement parameters are obviously different because of the changes of grammar and semantics. The reading cognitive process of the subjects is also different, which shows whether the grammatical structure and meaning of the reading materials are similar to the readers' reading habits. It is an important factor that affects reading. (5) by summarizing the experimental data, we find that the relationship between the parameters of eye movement signal is: the distance of eye movement is inversely proportional to the number of fixation, and the distance of eye jump is inversely proportional to the time of saccade. The number of fixation is proportional to the duration of fixation.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H0-05

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