词汇同义关系在语境中的构建：词汇语用学视角
发布时间：2018-09-19 14:22
【摘要】：本文旨在从词汇语用学视角研究词汇同义关系在语境中的构建，并在此基础上提出了解释词汇同义关系的词汇语用学模型。论文共设计了三个研究目标：第一，以词汇语用学和关联理论为基础建立解释词汇同义关系的语用理论框架；第二，通过同义词选择和相似度判断两个相辅相成的认知心理实验，量化分析和阐释了词汇同义关系在语境中的构建；第三，根据对实验数据和实际语例的分析，讨论了词汇同义关系的认知处理特性、认知前提基础、认知机制，以及特别范畴的特殊作用，在此基础上建立了词汇语用学理论模型。 本研究认为，语义待确定性（linguistic underdeterminacy）是同义关系认知的必要基础和前提，同义关系依赖语用推导机制，通过特别范畴（ad hoccategory）在线构建词汇语用关系。为了验证上述理论假设，本文设计了两个认知心理实验。实验研究对象为127名某大学英语本科生。第一个实验旨在测试在无语境与有（语句）语境条件下被试选择同义词的一致性。实验语料来自于北京大学中国语言学研究中心汉语语料库(CCL)中的10个常用汉语名词和10个汉语形容词，并在语料库中随机抽取不同语体下语义完整并长度适宜的100个句子作为其伴随语境，探讨词汇同义关系构建对语境的依赖程度。 第二个实验也包括无语境和有语境两个变量，但后者的呈现条件为被试内同时呈现一般范畴名称和特别范畴名称。该实验旨在检验语境、范畴类型、以及语境和范畴类型的交互作用对词汇间相似度产生的影响。实验选择10个一般范畴和10个特殊范畴作为语境，并从中分别挑选出形容词对和名词词对，不同组被试分别在无语境和有（范畴名称）语境的实验条件下判断词对的相似度。 通过第一个实验的计算匹配分数（matching score）以及匹配分数与词汇语料库出现频率的相关性结果，本研究发现，词汇同义关系很大程度上依赖于语境，是即时在线构建的意义关系，而非既定的语义关系。通过第二个实验的多因素混合方差分析，结果表明，，呈现特别范畴名称能显著增加词对间的相似度，这一结果证实了语用推导理论的预测:词汇同义关系的构建并不是单纯的语义联想，而是在关联语境下进行的语用推导；同时实验结果也证明特别范畴通过将交际双方认知付出努力转移至相关潜在信息的方式，协助词对间的同义关系的构建。由此，本研究得出如下结论： 第一，词汇同义关系在不同语境下呈现语义不确切、自主选择、回避无关内容等的非确切(non-specificity)特征； 第二，词汇同义关系的构建以语言待确定性（linguistic underdeterminacy）为认知的必要基础和前提； 第三，词汇同义关系是依赖语用推导机制通过特别范畴（ad hoc category）建立的概念相似性从而在线构建的意义关系。 本论文的主要贡献是：首先，为解释词汇同义关系的语境敏感性、动态性特征提供了新的语用和认知视角，拓展了词汇语用学的研究范围。其次，建立了同义关系新的词汇语用学模型，这一模型不仅揭示了词汇同义关系的动态特征、认知前提和认知机制，而且呈现了语用理解过程的9个推导步骤。同时提出，词汇概念表征越接近特别范畴原型，这个词项越能成为符合语境和交际意图的“恰当”的同义词。 本文采用的研究方法也可应用于研究其他词汇关系，例如词汇的反义关系和一词多义关系。本文为同义关系提供新的词汇语用学视角也为解释翻译的不确定性提供了可能性。
[Abstract]:This paper aims to study the construction of lexical synonyms in context from the perspective of lexical pragmatics and proposes a Lexical-pragmatic model to explain lexical synonyms. Secondly, the construction of lexical synonyms in context is quantitatively analyzed and explained through two complementary cognitive psychological experiments of synonym selection and similarity judgment. Thirdly, based on the analysis of experimental data and actual examples, the cognitive processing characteristics, cognitive premise, cognitive mechanism and characteristics of lexical synonyms are discussed. On this basis, a theoretical model of lexical pragmatics is established.
This study argues that linguistic underdeterminacy is the necessary basis and premise for the cognition of synonymous relations. Synonymic dependency is a pragmatic deduction mechanism through which lexical pragmatic relations are constructed online through ad hoc category. The first experiment was designed to test the consistency of synonyms chosen by subjects in context-free and context-free situations. The experimental corpus was drawn from 10 common Chinese nouns and 10 Chinese adjectives in the Chinese Corpus (CCL) of the Chinese Linguistics Research Center of Peking University and randomly selected from the corpus. Taking 100 sentences with complete semantics and appropriate length in different styles as their adjoint contexts, this paper explores the dependence of lexical synonym construction on context.
The second experiment included both contextual and non-contextual variables, but the latter was conditioned by the simultaneous presentation of general category names and special category names. Adjective pairs and noun pairs were selected from 0 special categories as contexts. The subjects in different groups judged the similarity of adjective pairs under the experimental conditions of no context and (category name) context respectively.
By calculating the matching score and the correlation between the matching score and the frequency of the occurrence of lexical corpus in the first experiment, we found that lexical synonymy is largely dependent on context and is a meaning relationship constructed on-line rather than a fixed semantic relationship. Difference analysis shows that the presentation of special category names can significantly increase the similarity between pairs of words. This result confirms the prediction of pragmatic deduction theory: the construction of lexical synonymous relations is not simply semantic association, but pragmatic deduction in the context of relevance; and the experimental results also prove that special category can increase the similarity between the two sides of communication by means of special category. Cognitive effort transfers to the underlying information to facilitate the construction of synonymous relationships between pairs of words.
Firstly, lexical synonyms in different contexts are characterized by semantic inaccuracy, autonomous choice and avoidance of irrelevant content.
Secondly, the construction of lexical synonymy is based on linguistic underdeterminacy.
Thirdly, lexical synonyms are constructed online by relying on the conceptual similarities established by the pragmatic inference mechanism through ad hoc categories.
The main contributions of this thesis are as follows: Firstly, it provides a new pragmatic and cognitive perspective for explaining the contextual sensitivity and dynamic features of lexical synonyms, and broadens the scope of lexical pragmatics. Secondly, it establishes a new Lexical-pragmatic model of lexical synonyms, which not only reveals the dynamic features of lexical synonyms, but also reveals the cognitive characteristics of lexical synonyms. It also points out that the closer the lexical conceptual representation is to the prototype of a particular category, the more appropriate the term is to be synonymous with context and communicative intention.
The research method adopted in this paper can also be applied to other lexical relations, such as antonyms and polysemy. This paper provides a new Lexical Pragmatic Perspective for synonyms and also provides the possibility to explain the uncertainty of translation.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136
本文编号：2250385
[Abstract]:This paper aims to study the construction of lexical synonyms in context from the perspective of lexical pragmatics and proposes a Lexical-pragmatic model to explain lexical synonyms. Secondly, the construction of lexical synonyms in context is quantitatively analyzed and explained through two complementary cognitive psychological experiments of synonym selection and similarity judgment. Thirdly, based on the analysis of experimental data and actual examples, the cognitive processing characteristics, cognitive premise, cognitive mechanism and characteristics of lexical synonyms are discussed. On this basis, a theoretical model of lexical pragmatics is established.
This study argues that linguistic underdeterminacy is the necessary basis and premise for the cognition of synonymous relations. Synonymic dependency is a pragmatic deduction mechanism through which lexical pragmatic relations are constructed online through ad hoc category. The first experiment was designed to test the consistency of synonyms chosen by subjects in context-free and context-free situations. The experimental corpus was drawn from 10 common Chinese nouns and 10 Chinese adjectives in the Chinese Corpus (CCL) of the Chinese Linguistics Research Center of Peking University and randomly selected from the corpus. Taking 100 sentences with complete semantics and appropriate length in different styles as their adjoint contexts, this paper explores the dependence of lexical synonym construction on context.
The second experiment included both contextual and non-contextual variables, but the latter was conditioned by the simultaneous presentation of general category names and special category names. Adjective pairs and noun pairs were selected from 0 special categories as contexts. The subjects in different groups judged the similarity of adjective pairs under the experimental conditions of no context and (category name) context respectively.
By calculating the matching score and the correlation between the matching score and the frequency of the occurrence of lexical corpus in the first experiment, we found that lexical synonymy is largely dependent on context and is a meaning relationship constructed on-line rather than a fixed semantic relationship. Difference analysis shows that the presentation of special category names can significantly increase the similarity between pairs of words. This result confirms the prediction of pragmatic deduction theory: the construction of lexical synonymous relations is not simply semantic association, but pragmatic deduction in the context of relevance; and the experimental results also prove that special category can increase the similarity between the two sides of communication by means of special category. Cognitive effort transfers to the underlying information to facilitate the construction of synonymous relationships between pairs of words.
Firstly, lexical synonyms in different contexts are characterized by semantic inaccuracy, autonomous choice and avoidance of irrelevant content.
Secondly, the construction of lexical synonymy is based on linguistic underdeterminacy.
Thirdly, lexical synonyms are constructed online by relying on the conceptual similarities established by the pragmatic inference mechanism through ad hoc categories.
The main contributions of this thesis are as follows: Firstly, it provides a new pragmatic and cognitive perspective for explaining the contextual sensitivity and dynamic features of lexical synonyms, and broadens the scope of lexical pragmatics. Secondly, it establishes a new Lexical-pragmatic model of lexical synonyms, which not only reveals the dynamic features of lexical synonyms, but also reveals the cognitive characteristics of lexical synonyms. It also points out that the closer the lexical conceptual representation is to the prototype of a particular category, the more appropriate the term is to be synonymous with context and communicative intention.
The research method adopted in this paper can also be applied to other lexical relations, such as antonyms and polysemy. This paper provides a new Lexical Pragmatic Perspective for synonyms and also provides the possibility to explain the uncertainty of translation.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 徐盛桓;语用推理[J];外语学刊(黑龙江大学学报);1991年06期
2 何自然;推理和关联──认知语用学原理撮要[J];外语教学;1997年04期
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