沈家本《历代刑法考》的训诂特色

发布时间：2018-11-14 14:52

【摘要】：清末法学名家沈家本所著的《历代刑法考》，是系统整理中国法制史资料方面的一部开创性著作。此书从训诂角度着手，对历代与刑法有关的文献进行考辨，引经据典，追本溯源，旁征博引，所以它也是晚清实学派训诂考据方面的代表作。基于以往对沈氏的这一基础文献研究还不够完善，所以现对《历代刑法考》中的考证材料进行专书的整理和研究。经比较研究发现，，沈家本的《历代刑法考》具有不同于乾嘉正统派训诂的突出特点。具体表现在以下几个方面：一是以“实”为研究中心。在名实关系上，乾嘉学者的训诂往往是以实考名，把“名”作为研究中心。沈家本则是以考名、辨名为手段，以考实、辨实为目的，“实”是其研究中心。二是具有历时观念。乾嘉学者的训诂以治经为主要内容，研究范围限制在先秦这一共时平面，缺乏历时观念。而沈家本则致力于梳理历代的刑法史，考察刑法词语的古今变化，所以其研究具有了历时的发展眼光。三是对现实中活语言的考辨。乾嘉学者的训诂研究对象通常是经书中僵死的语言材料，而沈家本在研究常用书面语的同时，还兼顾了对现实口语的考辨。沈家本《历代刑法考》所采用的训诂方法和它所具有的训诂特点，为训诂学的研究提供了启示，也对传统语言学的发展有着不容忽略的价值。
[Abstract]:Shen Jiaben, a famous legal scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote the examination of Criminal Law in the past dynasties, which is a pioneering work on systematical collation of the history of Chinese legal system. From the perspective of exegesis, this book examines and distinguishes the literature related to criminal law in the past dynasties, citing the classics, tracing back to the source, and referring to the sources, so it is also a representative of the textual research of the exegesis in the late Qing Dynasty. Based on the previous research on Shen's basic literature, it is not perfect, so the textual research materials in the Criminal Law examination of the past dynasties are sorted out and studied. Through comparative study, it is found that Shen Jiaben's textual examination of Criminal Law in the past dynasties is different from the exegesis of the Qianjia orthodox school. Specific performance in the following aspects: first, the "reality" as the research center. In the relation of name and substance, the exegesis of Qianjia scholars is often based on the name of real examination, taking "name" as the research center. Shen Jiaben took the examination name, distinguished the name as the means, took the examination and the reality as the goal, "the reality" is its research center. Second, the concept of diachronic. Qianjia scholars' exegesis mainly focused on the Classics, and the scope of the study was limited to the time plane of pre-Qin Dynasty, lacking of diachronic concept. Shen Jiaben was devoted to combing the history of criminal law and investigating the changes of criminal terms, so his research had a diachronic perspective. Third, the study of living language in reality. Qianjia scholar's exegetical research object is usually the dead language material in the classics, while Shen Jiaben studies the common written language, but also takes into account the textual research of the realistic spoken language. Shen Jiaben's Exegetical method and its characteristics in the study of Criminal Law in the past dynasties have provided inspiration for the study of exegetics and also have great value for the development of traditional linguistics.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D924;H131

【参考文献】