英汉“雪”隐喻对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 20:31

本文关键词：英汉“雪”隐喻对比研究　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统意义上隐喻被认为是一种修辞手法,并且只是语言现象。可是随着认知语言学的产生与发展,隐喻开始重新引起人们的重视。认知语言学认为,隐喻不仅是一种修辞手段,也是人类的思维方式和认知工具。莱考夫与约翰逊(1980)指出,隐喻是人类基本的思维方式,在一定意义上影响着我们的说话和行为,存在于我们的日常生活之中。从本质上来看,人的概念系统是隐喻的,因此,隐喻是人类的认知工具。根据他们提出的概念隐喻理论,隐喻根植于我们的身体经验。对隐喻含义的理解是通过两个认知域,即始源域和目标域之间的映射而实现的。由此可以得出,隐喻的本质是基于我们身体经验的从始源域到目标域的映射。天气是一种重要的自然现象,它与人们的日常生活密切相关,且为人们所熟悉,因此经常充当始源域用来解释抽象概念或处境。以往对天气隐喻的研究主要侧重于情感方面。本论文作者主要通过定性研究,运用概念隐喻理论对中英文有关“雪”的隐喻进行了分析。作者首先通过收集和分析辞典和线上语料库的数据,概括出汉英语言中“雪”隐喻用法的异同,然后分析了两种语言中存在普遍性和差异性背后的原因。本论文由六章构成。第一章介绍了研究的目的、意义和方法以及论文的框架。第二章介绍了国内外隐喻研究的现状及其成果以及天气隐喻的研究现状。第三章讨论了认知语言学的概念隐喻理论,尤其对其工作机制、种类和功能进行了分析。第四、五两章是本研究的重点:前一章主要运用概念隐喻理论对“雪”隐喻进行了系统的分析,探讨了英汉“雪”隐喻的普遍性和差异性;而后一章则对这些异同产生的原因进行了细致的分析,指出:概念隐喻的普遍性产生的原因主要基于人类共同的身体体验。人类对雪有着相似或相同的生理或心理反应,这既是“雪”隐喻产生的基础,又是其存在普遍性的条件。之后,作者从不同的识解操作方式和文化环境等方面分析了“雪”隐喻存在跨语言差异的原因。最后一章总结了本研究的发现,并指出了研究的不足和未来研究的方向。本研究的发现主要在于如下三个方面:一、“雪”隐喻的形成是人类认知的产物并与人类的身体体验密切相关。在两种文化里,“雪”都可以隐喻为某些抽象概念如“品质”、“困难”等。二、在英汉两种语言中,“雪”这一概念都可以构建目标概念“白色”和“纯洁”。同时,概念隐喻“雪代表数量多、忙碌状态”、“雪代表花言巧语”是英语中特有的概念隐喻,而概念隐喻“雪是困境”、“雪代表高雅的艺术”、“雪代表冷漠”和“雪代表消除”则是汉语中特有的概念隐喻。三、英汉两种语言中“雪”隐喻的相似点来源于对“雪”相似的身体体验和相似的生理基础,而英汉两种语言中“雪”隐喻的差异则来源于两个民族对“雪”不同的识解操作和不同的文化环境。本研究进一步验证了人类的认知来源于身体和生活经验这一基本观点,在一定程度上丰富了认知语言学的隐喻研究。对英汉“雪”隐喻差异性的研究从一定意义上探究了其文化根源,揭示了英汉两个民族思维模式的差异,对跨文化交际也具有一定的启发意义。
[Abstract]:Traditionally, metaphor is regarded as a kind of rhetoric, and only linguistic phenomenon. But with the development of cognitive linguistics, metaphor begins to arouse people's attention. In cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not only a means of rhetoric, but also the way of human thinking and cognitive tools. Lakoff and Johnson (1980) pointed out that metaphor is the basic human way of thinking, in a certain sense, affect our words and deeds in our daily life. In essence, the human conceptual system is metaphorical, therefore, metaphor is a cognitive tool of human beings. They put forward according to the theory of conceptual metaphor, metaphor is rooted in our body experience understanding of the meaning of metaphor. By two cognitive domains, and realize that the mapping between Siwon and target domain. It can be concluded that the essence of metaphor is based on our experience of the body From the Siwon domain to the target domain mapping. It is an important natural phenomenon, it is closely related to people's daily life, and familiar to people, so often as Siwon domain to explain abstract concepts or situations. The previous research on weather metaphor mainly focused on emotional aspects. The author mainly uses qualitative study on the conceptual metaphor theory about "the English snow" metaphor is analyzed. Firstly, through the collection and analysis of online dictionaries and corpus data, summarizes the Chinese and English languages in the "Snow" metaphorical similarities and differences, and then analyzes the reasons behind the universality and the existence of differences between the two languages. This thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter introduces the research purpose, significance and methods and framework of the thesis. The second chapter introduces the status and achievements of domestic and foreign research and Research on weather metaphor metaphor Present situation. The third chapter discusses the conceptual metaphor theory of cognitive linguistics, especially the work mechanism, types and functions are analyzed. Fourth, the 52 chapter is the focus of this study: the first chapter mainly uses the conceptual metaphor theory to make a systematic analysis on the metaphor of "Snow", "Snow" is generally between English and Chinese metaphor and the difference; then focuses on the causes of these similarities and differences are analyzed, pointed out: the reason of the universality of conceptual metaphor which is mainly based on the common human bodily experience. On human physiological or psychological response is similar or the same, this is the basis of "snow" is the metaphor. Universal conditions. After that, the author from the different construal operation mode and cultural environment and other aspects of the "Snow" metaphor exists cross linguistic difference reasons. The last chapter summarizes the research discovery, and that A study on the shortcomings and future research directions. The findings of this study mainly lies in three aspects as follows: first, "Snow" metaphor is a product of human cognition and human body experience are closely related. In two cultures, "Snow" can metaphor for some abstract concepts such as "quality", "difficult". In two, in two languages, "Snow" this concept can build target concept of "white" and "pure" conceptual metaphor ". At the same time, on behalf of the number of snow, busy", "snow on behalf of blandishments" is the unique concept of English metaphors, and concept the metaphor "snow dilemma", "snow on behalf of elegant art", "snow apathy" and "snow represents the elimination" is the concept of metaphor in Chinese characteristic. Three, the two languages in the "Snow" metaphor from the similarities of "Snow" is similar to the physical experience And the physiological basis of similar, but the two languages in the "Snow" metaphor difference is derived from the two nations of the "Snow" different construal operations and different cultural environment. This study further verified the source of human cognition is a basic point to the body and life experience, rich in a certain degree the study of metaphor in cognitive linguistics. Research on English and Chinese "Snow" metaphor difference and explores the cultural roots from the certain meaning, reveals the differences between the two peoples thinking mode, also has a certain significance in cross-cultural communication.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H15;H315

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