西方人眼中的鬼谷子与古希腊三贤的修辞对比鄢

发布时间：2018-04-22 13:28

本文选题：修辞对比 + 鬼谷子　；参考：《当代修辞学》2016年05期

【摘要】：本研究旨在深入剖析中西哲人先贤的修辞观异同。研究发现:1)古代中西修辞传统均重视事物的两面性,但西方修辞注重形式逻辑,更强调事物的二元对立;而中国修辞则注重辩证逻辑,更重视矛盾的对立统一及其相互转化;2)古代修辞研究危机有二:一是人们通常认为修辞具有欺骗性和操纵性,因此未引起古代文学和哲学研究的重视;二是中西修辞都蕴含着无形的、超越时空的、和谐统一的思想,而近代西方修辞越来越强调异与同、单一和多元等二元对立的思维;3)与前苏格拉底学派一样,鬼谷子时期的思想家也开始审视思维,研究话语修辞。相似研究和对比研究的结合有助于激活异同之间的辩证关系,这也是古代中西先贤讨论和推理方法的共通之处;4)鬼谷子和前苏格拉底学派均重视倾听和自我反省。鬼谷子继承了道家天地人合一的思想,并运用示例、类比和古训去教化他人。而前苏格拉底学派则坚持二元对立思维,并把普通大众之见与永恒真理区分得泾渭分明;5)鬼谷子和柏拉图思想都反对基于表象和或然性的辩论,二者既关注事物的相似性与差异性,又赞同统一、整体、万物和谐的观念,且柏拉图比鬼谷子更强调听说者之间的对话互动;6)鬼谷子与亚里士多德均认同真理的逻辑、定义和辩证法。鬼谷子认为对受众精神状态的洞察源于说者的自我表现意识,在与上级或尊长对话时,可适当低调陈述并有策略地保持沉默;亚里士多德则强调礼节、审慎、社会秩序和公民美德。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to analyze the similarities and differences of rhetoric views of the sages of Chinese and Western philosophers. The study found that the ancient Chinese and Western rhetoric tradition attached importance to both sides of things, but the western rhetoric paid more attention to the dual opposition of things than the formal logic, while the Chinese rhetoric paid attention to dialectical logic. There are two crises in the study of ancient rhetoric: one is that people generally think that rhetoric is deceptive and manipulative, so it does not attract the attention of ancient literature and philosophy; Second, both Chinese and Western rhetoric contain invisible, transcendent, harmonious and unified ideas, while modern Western rhetoric increasingly emphasizes the thought of difference and sameness, single and pluralistic dualistic opposites) and the same as the pre-Socrates school. The thinkers of Guiguzi period also began to examine the thinking and study the rhetoric of discourse. The combination of similarity study and contrast study helps to activate the dialectical relationship between similarities and differences, which is the common point of the discussion and reasoning methods between ancient Chinese and Western sages. (4) Guiguzi and the former Socrates school both attach importance to listening and self-reflection. Guiguzi inherited the Taoist thought of integration of heaven, earth and man, and used examples, analogies and ancient admonitions to educate others. The pre-Socrates school, on the other hand, insisted on the dual opposites and distinguished the views of the general public from the eternal truth.) Guiguzi and Plato both opposed the debate based on representation and probability. They not only pay attention to the similarities and differences of things, but also agree with the concepts of unity, unity and harmony of all things, and Plato emphasizes more than Guiguzi the dialogue and interaction between the listeners. (2) both Guiguzi and Aristotle agree with the logic of truth. Definitions and dialectics. Guiguzi believes that insight into the mental state of the audience stems from the speaker's sense of self-expression, and that when talking to superiors or elders, he can keep a low profile and remain tacitly silent. Aristotle, on the other hand, emphasizes courtesy and prudence. Social order and civic virtue.
【作者单位】：美国德克萨斯农工大学;华侨大学外国语学院;中国社会科学院语言研究所;福建师范大学外国语学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目“应对突发公共事件舆情的官方话语研究”(编号:13BX W 055) 教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目“外语教师评课话语实景认知研究”(编号:11Y JC 740075)的资助
【分类号】：H05

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