《现代汉语常用词表》中表人三音名词的语义透明度浅析

发布时间：2018-04-26 11:41

本文选题：表人三音名词 + 语义透明度　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以《现代汉语常用词表(草案)》(以下简称《词表》)中的529个表人三音名词为研究对象,从语义构成和语法构成两个角度,来探析二者对于表人三音名词语义透明度的影响。全文分为四章。第一章,绪论部分,对当前三音词的研究,做了详细的论述,进一步明确了本文的写作方向。第二章,重点阐释了语义透明度的概念及相关研究,并在前人研究的基础上,制定出了表人三音名词的语义透明度划分标准,并将《词表》中的表人三音名词划分为第一等级、第二等级、第三等级、第四等级、第五等级五个不同的语义透明度类别。同时就影响词语语义透明度的因素进行了讨论,发现影响语义透明度的因素主要集中于:频率、词素义与词义的关系以及词的结构上。由于本文的语料是从《词表》中选取的,因而都是高频词汇,所以本文将从语义构成和语法构成两个角度,来探究其对表人三音名词语义透明度的影响。第三章,是本文的重点章节,分为两部分:从表人三音名词的语义构成和语法构成两个角度来进行研究。在语义构成方面,又分为语义结构和语义类别两个部分。通过分析发现,在语义结构方面,组合构成的词所占比重最大,且组合构成的词的语义透明度均为第一等级。附合构成的词也多是语义透明度为第一等级的。融合构成的词,语义透明度多为第三等级,化合构成的词的语义透明度最低,多为第五等级;在语义类别方面,表人三音名词中以职业类的数量最多,其次是身份类,位于第三的是特征类,以姓名类的表人三音名词数量最少。职业类和关系类的表人三音名词的语义透明度最高,均为第一等级的。在语法构成方面,同样分为两个部分,即语法结构和物性结构两个方面。通过数据分析发现:在传统结构方面,偏正式的表人三音名词所占比重最高,且以偏正式的“名+名”和“形+名”复合词数量最多。且偏正式表人三音名词的语义透明度类型分布最为广泛,以语义透明度为第一等级的词的数量最多,所占比重最大;在物性结构方面,“名+名”偏正式复合词和“形+名”偏正式复合词均是以形式角色为主,二者的语义透明度集中于第一等级,但是也有部分词语分布在其他语义透明度等级中。附加式复合词以功用角色为主,且语义透明度基本上都分布在第一等级。第四章,首先总结全文,其次在余论部分,将《词表》与《近代汉语词典》中出现的同义项的双音词和三音词的情况进行了对比,发现同义项的三音词比双音词意义更丰富、更透明。通过对《词表》中529个表人三音名词的语义透明度的研究,帮助我们厘清了词源,并进一步揭示了语义构成和语法构成对语义透明度的影响,对二语教学提供了一定的参考。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we take the 529 characters and three syllable nouns in the Common words list (draft) of Modern Chinese as the research object, and analyze their influence on the semantic transparency of the three syllable nouns from the perspective of semantic composition and grammatical construction. The full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter, the introduction, makes a detailed discussion on the current study of three-syllable words, and further clarifies the writing direction of this paper. In the second chapter, the concept of semantic transparency and related research are explained, and on the basis of the previous studies, the criterion of semantic transparency of three syllable nouns is established, and the three syllable nouns in thesaurus are classified as the first level. Level 2, level 3, level 4, level 5 are five different categories of semantic transparency. At the same time, the factors that affect the semantic transparency of words are discussed. The factors that affect the semantic transparency are mainly focused on frequency, the relationship between morpheme and meaning, and the structure of words. Because the corpus of this paper is selected from thesaurus and therefore all of them are high frequency words, this paper will explore its influence on the semantic transparency of three syllable nouns in terms of semantic composition and grammatical construction. The third chapter is the key chapter of this paper, which is divided into two parts: the semantic structure and grammatical construction of three-syllable nouns. In the aspect of semantic construction, it is divided into two parts: semantic structure and semantic category. It is found that in terms of semantic structure, the proportion of words composed by combination is the largest, and the semantic transparency of words composed by combination is the first grade. The words formed by attachment are also the first level of semantic transparency. In the semantic category, the number of occupational category is the most, and the identity category is the second, in the semantic category, the semantic transparency is mostly the third level, and the combination is the lowest, most of which is the fifth level, in the semantic category, the number of occupational category is the most in the three syllable nouns, and the second is the identity category. In the third place is the characteristic class, with the name category of the person three-syllable noun number is the least. The semantic transparency of three-syllable nouns in occupational category and relational category is the highest, which is the first level. In the aspect of grammatical constitution, it is also divided into two parts, that is, grammatical structure and transitive structure. Through the data analysis, it is found that in the traditional structure, the proportion of the three syllable nouns with partial formality is the highest, and the number of the compound words of "name" and "form name" is the most. The most widely distributed type of semantic transparency is the partial formal representation of human trisyllabic nouns. The number of words with semantic transparency as the first level is the largest and the proportion is the largest. The formal compound of "name and name" and "formal compound of form and name" are mainly formal roles. Their semantic transparency is concentrated in the first level, but some words are distributed in other semantic transparency levels. Additive compound words are mainly functional, and semantic transparency is basically distributed in the first level. In chapter four, the author first summarizes the full text, and then in the conclusion part, compares the word list with the disyllabic word and the three-syllable word of the synonym in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, and finds that the three-syllable word of the synonym is more meaningful than the two-syllable word. More transparent. Through the research on the semantic transparency of 529 human and three-syllable nouns in Thesaurus, this paper helps us to clarify the etymology, and further reveals the influence of semantic and grammatical structure on semantic transparency, which provides a certain reference for the second language teaching.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136;H146.3

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