汉语“种族”词义的变迁

发布时间：2018-06-07 02:30

本文选题：种族 + 民族　；参考：《西域研究》2017年01期

【摘要】："种族"一词在汉语中出现很早,最初具有多种含义。从宋代开始,"种族"多与某一少数民族名称连用,文献中写作"某某种族",含义、用法与现代民族概念相近,这也是1900年以前汉语"种族"的最主要含义。清末,在构建民族国家过程中,国人创造性的将西方race(种族)概念糅合到汉语"种族"之中,汉语"种族"的民族(ethnic)含义得到进一步增强,但也不稳定。由于种族(race)的学科来源、概念的歧义性,加上民族概念的影响,进入民国之后时人赋予了"种族"许多新的含义,总的趋势是种族的民族(ethnic)含义逐渐丧失,它的种族(race)含义逐渐增强。期间为了消除极端民族主义思想危害,1930年代顾颉刚先生曾有意重新建构"种族"的"民族(ethnic)"含义。新中国成立之后社会安定、文化发展,随着民族概念的讨论,汉语"种族"含义最终在1960年代确立。
[Abstract]:The word "race" appeared very early in the Chinese language and had many meanings at first. Since the Song Dynasty, "race" has been used with the name of a minority nationality. The meaning and usage of "race" in the literature are similar to the concept of modern nationality, which is also the most important meaning of "race" in Chinese before 1900. At the end of Qing Dynasty, in the process of constructing a nation state, Chinese creatively mixed the concept of race with the concept of race in Chinese, and the meaning of ethnic race in Chinese was further enhanced, but also unstable. Because of the origin of race, the ambiguity of the concept, and the influence of the concept of nationality, after entering the Republic of China, people gave many new meanings to "race". The general trend is that the meaning of race is gradually losing. Its race is gaining in meaning. In order to eliminate the harm of extreme nationalism, Mr. Gu Jiegang intended to reconstruct the meaning of "race" in the 1930s. After the founding of New China, social stability and cultural development, with the discussion of the national concept, the meaning of "race" in Chinese was finally established in the 1960s.
【作者单位】：陕西科技大学思政部;
【分类号】：H139

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