扬州老城区居民语言现状调查研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 14:32

本文选题：语言态度 + 语言能力　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：扬州作为一座历史文化名城,旅游业发展迅速,城市化进程加快,新城区如雨后春笋般成长壮大。但对老城区来说,城市进程的快速发展使得现代化元素逐渐与之脱离,显得古老、落后。除了硬件设施不足以外,老城区的语言问题也应该引起重视。本研究主要在探究扬州老城区语言生活状况的基础上,分析居民语言使用、语言态度、语言能力三方面的情况。研究发现,居民语言使用以方言为主。在家庭领域中,祖父子三辈选择语码各有侧重,祖辈与子女交流时基本选择方言,与孙子女交流选择普通话稍多一些;父辈的方言以及普通话的使用频率相当;子辈在面对长辈时更多选择方言。配偶之间的交流也基本选择方言。此外,如果在家庭中讨论一些特定话题时,普通话的使用率会上升。在社区语言使用中,交际对象越亲近,居民使用方言越频繁;交际话题越正式,交际场合越正规,选择普通话概率越高,例如在医院、学校等对普通话有较高要求的场所。在语言态度上,居民对扬州话的情感态度评价最高,行为倾向以及功能评价上略低;对普通话,居民不管是从情感评价,还是在行为倾向或者功能上,都表现出积极明朗态度,因为他们认为普通话是标准语,是以后在社会立足的必备语言素质;对英语的态度评价上,最积极乐观态度体现在英语功能评价,情感上似乎没有特别的喜好,但是对子女英语能力期待,父母表现出较高热情。此外,居民的社会特征对不同语言的态度影响显著程度不一,对方言和英语的态度影响较小,而普通话的态度受到职业、文化程度以及街坊功能的影响。对居民语言能力的调查,本研究主要根据他们自报的情况分析,并结合访谈中的观察,大部分居民的方言能力比较熟练,这是与观察后的情况相符合的。对普通话的听说能力,其实有一部分人带有比较明显的方言色彩,但是说话者个人并不自知,因为长年生活的方言环境会无形中将方言习惯渗透到普通话中,不知不觉,在使用普通话时会带有方言音调,但是也不会耽误交流,固然没有引起重视。调查还发现了一些问题,如居民双言意识的薄弱、普通话发音不标准的不自知等。笔者也对城市语言状况提出思考并给出相关建议。居民应该树立正确的语言态度,积极主动地培养方言与普通话的双言能力。对于不同功能街坊的语言规划,政府要因地制宜,针对不同区域采取不同的语言规划方案。
[Abstract]:Yangzhou, as a famous historical and cultural city, has a rapid development of tourism and rapid urbanization. But for the old city, the rapid development of the urban process makes the modern elements gradually separated from it, and appears old and backward. In addition to the lack of hardware facilities, the language problem in the old city should also be taken seriously. Based on the study of language life in Yangzhou, this study analyzes the language use, language attitude and language ability of residents. The study found that dialect is the main language used by residents. In the field of family, the three generations of grandfather have their own emphasis on the choice of code, the ancestors basically choose dialect when they communicate with their children, and they choose more Putonghua to communicate with their grandchildren, and the parents' dialects and Putonghua are used in the same frequency. Children are more likely to choose dialects in the face of their elders. The communication between spouses also basically chooses dialect. In addition, Putonghua usage increases when a particular topic is discussed in the home. In community language use, the closer the communicative object, the more frequently the residents use dialect; the more formal the communication topic, the more formal the communication situation, the higher the probability of choosing Putonghua, such as in hospitals, schools and other places with higher requirements for Putonghua. In terms of language attitude, residents have the highest evaluation of emotional attitude towards Yangzhou dialect, slightly lower behavioral tendency and function evaluation; for Putonghua, residents show a positive and clear attitude in terms of emotional evaluation, behavioral tendency or function. Because they think that Putonghua is a standard language and a necessary language quality to establish itself in society in the future. The most positive and optimistic attitude towards English is reflected in the evaluation of English functions, and it seems that there is no particular affective preference for it. However, the parents showed a high enthusiasm for their children's English proficiency. In addition, the social characteristics of the residents have different influences on the attitudes of different languages, while the attitudes of the other language and English have little influence, while the attitudes of Putonghua are influenced by occupation, education level and the function of the neighborhood. According to the investigation of residents' language ability, this study mainly analyzes their self-reported situation, and combined with the observation in the interview, the majority of the residents' dialect ability is more proficient, which is consistent with the observed situation. In fact, some of the people who have spoken and heard Putonghua have a more obvious dialect color, but the speaker himself is not aware of it, because the dialect environment in which he has lived for many years will imperceptibly infiltrate dialect habits into Putonghua, unconsciously. Putonghua has a dialect tone, but does not delay communication, although it does not attract attention. The survey also found some problems, such as the weak awareness of dual-language, the substandard pronunciation of Putonghua, and so on. The author also puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the state of urban language. Residents should establish a correct language attitude and actively develop the dual-language ability of dialect and Mandarin. For the language planning of different functional neighborhoods, the government should adopt different language planning schemes according to local conditions.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H002

【参考文献】