汉语定语小句的类型及其句法表现

发布时间：2018-07-12 17:22

本文选题：定语小句 + 关系小句　；参考：《语言教学与研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：本文讨论汉语定语小句中是否存在"关系小句"和"名词补足语小句"的区分。首先从定语小句是否存在空位以及空位的类型对定语小句进行分类,发现汉语中存在有空位和无空位两种定语小句。并根据定语小句中空位论元的语义角色将有空位小句区分为"论元空位定语小句、附加语空位定语小句"和"伪无空位定语小句"三类;根据名词中心语的类型将无空位定语小句区分为"内容义定语小句"和"事件义定语小句"两类。之后,通过话题化、同类叠加、异类叠加和指称功能等方面对几类不同的定语小句进行测试。结果发现,有空位定语小句和无空位定语小句在句法功能上存在明显差异。最终本文认为,汉语中的两类定语小句可以分别对应于类型学中的"关系小句"和"名词补足语小句"。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses whether there is a distinction between "relative clause" and "noun complement clause" in Chinese attributive clauses. Firstly, the attributive clauses are classified from the types of empty and empty clauses, and it is found that there are two kinds of attributive clauses in Chinese: one is empty clause and the other is empty clause. According to the semantic role of empty argument in attributive clauses, there are three categories of empty clauses: "argument empty attributive clauses, additional empty attributive clauses" and "pseudo-empty attributive clauses". According to the type of noun head, there is no empty attributive clause which is divided into two types: "content semantic attributive clause" and "event semantic attributive clause". Then, several kinds of attributive clauses are tested by topicalization, similar superposition, heterogeneous superposition and referential function. The results show that there are significant differences in syntactic functions between clauses with and without empty attributive clauses. Finally, this paper holds that the two kinds of attributive clauses in Chinese can correspond to the relation clauses and the noun complement clauses in typology respectively.
【作者单位】：北京大学中文系/北京大学中国语言学研究中心/教育部计算语言学重点实验室;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大招标项目《汉语国际教育背景下的汉语意合特征研究与大型知识库和语料库建设》(批准号:12&ZD175)的资助
【分类号】：H146.3

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