从交互主观性的角度看“既”字句的主句化和句子化

发布时间：2018-09-14 08:02

【摘要】：与充当主从句中的时间背景句相比,上古汉语的"既"字句(即时体副词"既"所在的小句)充当主从句中的主句甚至独立成句的用法并不鲜见,上古汉语的语料表明,后一种用法是从前一种用法衍生而来的,这类现象可称为"既"字句的主句化和句子化。以往的研究对这类现象关注得不多,本文认为可以从交互主观性的角度获得解释。具体来说,上古汉语的"既"字句在充当主从句中的主句或者独立成句时,大多数出现在人物对话的场合;与叙述语体中常见的客观陈述不同,对话语体中的言语交际一般体现为说话人和听话人面对面的言语互动,由于两人处在同一个时空现场,说话人在表述事件或者申明观点时,往往会考虑到或顾及听话人的感受(因而"既"字句的末尾经常加助词"矣"),这一话语上的功能需求导致上古汉语的"既"字句可以摆脱主句的限制而逐渐获得独立。
[Abstract]:Compared with the time background sentence in the subject clause, the usage of the "already" sentence in ancient Chinese (the clause in which the instant adverb "Zai" is located) as the subject sentence or even the independent sentence in the subject clause is not uncommon. The latter usage is derived from the former one, which can be called the subject and sentence of the "already" sentence. Previous studies have paid little attention to such phenomena, which can be explained from the perspective of interactive subjectivity. Specifically, when the "already" sentence in ancient Chinese is used as the subject sentence or the independent sentence in the subject clause, most of them appear in the context of the character dialogue, which is different from the objective statement commonly used in the narrative style. The verbal communication in the dialogue style is generally reflected in the verbal interaction between the speaker and the hearer face to face. Because the two people are in the same time and space scene, the speaker expresses the event or declares the point of view. It often takes into account or takes into account the feelings of the hearer (thus the auxiliary word "Yi" is often added to the end of the "already" sentence), which leads to the functional demand of this discourse leading to the gradual independence of the "already" sentence in ancient Chinese from the limitation of the main sentence.
【作者单位】：复旦大学中文系;
【分类号】：H141

【相似文献】