英汉新词语构词法对比研究
发布时间：2018-10-09 11:19
【摘要】：现代社会生活及网络应用的迅速发展为新词语的产生提供了便利条件。新词语的涌现,既方便了人们的日常交流,丰富了语言的词汇系统,也提升了新词语在词汇学研究中的地位。构词法是词汇学研究的重要组成部分,但是对英汉新词语构词法的对比研究是词汇学研究的一个薄弱环节。本文选取2009-2013年的英汉新词语,对其构词法进行全面系统的分析,对英汉新词语的构词特点进行总结和对比,揭示英汉新词语构词法的异同,分析差异产生的原因,并对英汉新词语构词的发展趋势做出预测。本研究第一章阐述英汉新词语构词法对比研究的现状及意义。第二章介绍国内外学者对新词语定义,并提出本文对新词语的定义。概括新词语的三种来源。阐述构词法的定义,并对构词法和造词法进行区分。第三章从新词语的性质、构词语素的性质以及构词语素的组合关系三个方面,分别对2009-2013年汉语新词语构词法进行分析。对每年汉语新词语的构词特点进行总结。发现复合法和派生法是汉语新词语的主要构词法,此外词化句和词化短语成为汉语新词语新的构词特点。旧词新义类新词语没有新的构词特点,新旧词构词法一致。借词的构词法除单纯词外,包括复合法和派生法两种。第四章从英语新词语的性质、新词语构词部件的性质、部件之间的组合关系三方面,分别对2009-2013年英语新词语构词法进行分析。通过分析发现英语共有复合法、派生法、拼缀法、复合法+派生法、拼缀法+派生法五种构词法。首字母缩略词和paraphrase是比较特殊的两类英语新词语,代表着英语新词独特的构词特点。旧词新义类和借词类新词语数量较少,没有新的构词特点。第五章对英汉新词语共有构词法的构词特点进行对比,总结英汉独有构词法的构词特点,对英汉旧词新义类和借词类新词语的构词法进行比较。指出英汉共有构词法同中有异,异中有同,拼缀法、复合法+派生法、拼缀法+派生法是英语独有的构词法,拼缀法有超越派生法和复合法成为英语中构词能力最强的构词法的趋势。汉语新词语中的词化现象已经成为汉语的一种新的构词现象。在英汉旧词新义类词语中,旧词和新词的构词法均保持一致。汉语借词的类型以及借词的构词法较英语的丰富。第六章对英汉构词法异同成因进行分析。论文最后对全文进行总结,指出追求词语结构的凝练是造成英汉新词语构词趋同性的原因,并分别对英汉新词语构词法的发展趋势进行展望和预测。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of modern social life and network application provides convenient conditions for the production of new words. The emergence of neologisms not only facilitates people's daily communication, enriches the lexical system of language, but also promotes the position of neologisms in lexicology. Word formation is an important part of lexicology, but the contrastive study of English and Chinese neologisms is a weak link in lexicology. This paper selects English and Chinese neologisms from 2009-2013 to make a comprehensive and systematic analysis of their word-formation methods, summarizes and compares the word-formation characteristics of English-Chinese neologisms, reveals the similarities and differences between English and Chinese neologisms, and analyzes the causes of the differences. The development trend of English and Chinese neologisms is forecasted. The first chapter of this study expounds the present situation and significance of the contrastive study of Chinese and English neologisms. The second chapter introduces the definition of neologisms at home and abroad, and puts forward the definition of neologisms in this paper. Generalize the three sources of new words. This paper expounds the definition of word-formation and distinguishes word-formation from word-formation. The third chapter analyzes Chinese neologism from three aspects: the nature of neologism, the nature of word-forming morpheme and the combination of word-forming morpheme. This paper summarizes the characteristics of Chinese neologisms every year. It is found that compound method and derivation method are the main word-formation methods of Chinese neologisms, in addition, word-oriented sentences and word-oriented phrases become the new word-formation characteristics of Chinese neologisms. New words of old words have no new word formation characteristics, and new and old words have the same word-formation method. In addition to simple words, loanword formation includes compound method and derivative method. The fourth chapter analyzes the English neologism from three aspects: the nature of English neologisms, the properties of neologisms and the relationship between them. Through the analysis, we find five kinds of word-formation methods: common compound method, derivation method, spelling method, compound method derivative method and spelling method derivative method. Acronym and paraphrase are two special English neologisms, which represent the unique word-formation characteristics of English neologisms. The number of new words in old words and loanwords is less, and there is no new word formation characteristic. The fifth chapter compares the word-formation characteristics of common word-formation in English and Chinese neologisms, summarizes the unique word-formation characteristics in English and Chinese, and compares the word-formation between the new meanings of old words and the new words of loanwords in English and Chinese. It is pointed out that there are differences in common word-formation in English and Chinese. The spelling method, compound derivation method and spelling-method derivation method are unique to English word-formation. The spelling method has the tendency of surpassing derivation and compound method to become the strongest word-formation method in English. Lexicalization in Chinese neologisms has become a new word-formation phenomenon in Chinese. The word-formation of old words and new words is consistent in English and Chinese. The types of Chinese loanwords and the formation of Chinese loanwords are richer than those in English. Chapter six analyzes the similarities and differences between English and Chinese word-formation. Finally, the thesis summarizes the whole paper, points out that the pursuit of concensiveness of lexical structure is the cause of the convergence of English and Chinese neologisms, and forecasts the development trend of new word-formation in English and Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.1;H314.1
[Abstract]:The rapid development of modern social life and network application provides convenient conditions for the production of new words. The emergence of neologisms not only facilitates people's daily communication, enriches the lexical system of language, but also promotes the position of neologisms in lexicology. Word formation is an important part of lexicology, but the contrastive study of English and Chinese neologisms is a weak link in lexicology. This paper selects English and Chinese neologisms from 2009-2013 to make a comprehensive and systematic analysis of their word-formation methods, summarizes and compares the word-formation characteristics of English-Chinese neologisms, reveals the similarities and differences between English and Chinese neologisms, and analyzes the causes of the differences. The development trend of English and Chinese neologisms is forecasted. The first chapter of this study expounds the present situation and significance of the contrastive study of Chinese and English neologisms. The second chapter introduces the definition of neologisms at home and abroad, and puts forward the definition of neologisms in this paper. Generalize the three sources of new words. This paper expounds the definition of word-formation and distinguishes word-formation from word-formation. The third chapter analyzes Chinese neologism from three aspects: the nature of neologism, the nature of word-forming morpheme and the combination of word-forming morpheme. This paper summarizes the characteristics of Chinese neologisms every year. It is found that compound method and derivation method are the main word-formation methods of Chinese neologisms, in addition, word-oriented sentences and word-oriented phrases become the new word-formation characteristics of Chinese neologisms. New words of old words have no new word formation characteristics, and new and old words have the same word-formation method. In addition to simple words, loanword formation includes compound method and derivative method. The fourth chapter analyzes the English neologism from three aspects: the nature of English neologisms, the properties of neologisms and the relationship between them. Through the analysis, we find five kinds of word-formation methods: common compound method, derivation method, spelling method, compound method derivative method and spelling method derivative method. Acronym and paraphrase are two special English neologisms, which represent the unique word-formation characteristics of English neologisms. The number of new words in old words and loanwords is less, and there is no new word formation characteristic. The fifth chapter compares the word-formation characteristics of common word-formation in English and Chinese neologisms, summarizes the unique word-formation characteristics in English and Chinese, and compares the word-formation between the new meanings of old words and the new words of loanwords in English and Chinese. It is pointed out that there are differences in common word-formation in English and Chinese. The spelling method, compound derivation method and spelling-method derivation method are unique to English word-formation. The spelling method has the tendency of surpassing derivation and compound method to become the strongest word-formation method in English. Lexicalization in Chinese neologisms has become a new word-formation phenomenon in Chinese. The word-formation of old words and new words is consistent in English and Chinese. The types of Chinese loanwords and the formation of Chinese loanwords are richer than those in English. Chapter six analyzes the similarities and differences between English and Chinese word-formation. Finally, the thesis summarizes the whole paper, points out that the pursuit of concensiveness of lexical structure is the cause of the convergence of English and Chinese neologisms, and forecasts the development trend of new word-formation in English and Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.1;H314.1
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