汉英必然推断范畴副词对比研究

发布时间：2018-11-12 08:33

【摘要】：汉英两种语言都有表必然推断范畴的副词,例如“必然,一定,necessarily,certainly”等,它们在表达必然推断概念时具有不可替代的作用。以往对表必然推断副词的研究大多是对同一语言中单个或几个同义副词的简单描述,很少探究该类副词的跨语言特征以及表达主观义的程度差异。本文从语义、句法、语用三个层面对汉英必然推断范畴副词进行共时对比研究,并运用语料统计和问卷调查的方法确定二者表达主观义的强弱。研究发现,汉英必然推断范畴副词存在共性和差异。共性表现为:在语义上,二者具有相同的语义特征,即[±客观依据],[±未然],[±结果真],[±不利结果];在句法上,二者经常与第三人称代词,否定副词以及表极高可能性的情态动词搭配;在语用上,二者均表现出不同程度的主观性,且二者大多出现在陈述句和感叹句中,不出现在疑问句和祈使句中。差异表现为:在句法上,英语必然推断范畴副词的位置分布比较灵活,可以置于句首,句中和句末,而汉语必然推断范畴副词只能置于句中,且与情态动词搭配时英语必然推断范畴副词可以出现在情态动词的前后位置,而汉语必然推断范畴副词只能位于情态动词之前。英语必然推断范畴副词允许连用,而现代汉语必然推断范畴副词则不然。在语用上,置于句首的英语必然推断范畴副词具有篇章连接功能,而汉语必然推断范畴副词无此功能。在汉英翻译实践中,我们需要考虑汉英必然推断范畴副词的异同之处,尤其要注意二者在表达意义上主观性程度的差异,从而确保翻译结果的准确性。本文具有一定的理论和实践意义。理论上,本文加深了对汉英必然推断范畴副词特征的全面认识,有助于促进语言类型学和对比语言学的研究。实践上,本文对汉英必然推断范畴副词的教学及汉英互译有一定的借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:Both Chinese and English have adverbs for category inference, such as "necessity, certainty, necessarily,certainly" and so on. They play an irreplaceable role in expressing the concept of inevitable inference. In the past, most of the researches on the inferred adverbs are simple descriptions of single or several synonymous adverbs in the same language, and rarely probe into the cross-linguistic characteristics of these adverbs and the differences in the degree of expressing subjective meanings. This paper makes a synchronic and contrastive study of Chinese and English inferred adverbs in terms of semantics, syntax and pragmatics, and uses the methods of corpus statistics and questionnaire survey to determine the strength and weakness of their subjective meanings. The study found that Chinese and English inevitably infer that there are commonalities and differences in category adverbs. The common features are as follows: in terms of semantics, they have the same semantic characteristics: [卤objective basis], [卤pre-existing], [卤result true], [卤unfavorable result]; Syntactically, they are often collocated with third-person pronouns, negative adverbs and highly probable modal verbs. Pragmatically, both of them show different degrees of subjectivity, and most of them appear in declarative sentences and exclamatory sentences, not in interrogative sentences and imperative sentences. The differences are as follows: syntactically, English inevitable inference adverbs are more flexible in location and can be placed at the beginning, middle and end of sentences, while Chinese inevitable inference adverbs can only be placed in sentences. When collocation with modal verbs, English must infer that category adverbs can appear before and after modal verbs, while Chinese inevitable inference adverbs can only be in front of modal verbs. English inferred categorical adverbs are allowed to be used in conjunction, while modern Chinese infer category adverbs are not. Pragmatically, English inferred adverbs at the beginning of sentences have the function of textual connection, while Chinese inferred adverbs have no such function. In the practice of Chinese-English translation, we need to consider the similarities and differences between Chinese and English inferences of category adverbs, especially the differences in the subjective degree of expression between them, so as to ensure the accuracy of translation results. This paper has certain theoretical and practical significance. Theoretically, this paper has deepened the comprehensive understanding of the features of Chinese and English inferred category adverbs, which is helpful to promote the study of linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics. In practice, this paper has some reference value for the teaching and translation of Chinese and English inferred category adverbs.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.2;H314.2

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