《钦定清汉对音字式》中“平声读”和“入声读”及相关问题研究

发布时间：2019-01-09 14:17

【摘要】：本文探讨了乾隆三十八年刊行的满汉对音辞书《钦定清汉对音字式》中注音汉字下“平声读”和“入声读”的性质。在查阅多种文献,及对文本十二字头所列的663条单清字进行详细归类整理、对近1300个注音汉字声调历史性考察的基础上,多角度地探讨了对音汉字下“平声读”、“入声读”的特殊意义,并讨论了相关满汉对音资料《圆音正考·乌扎拉文通序》中提到的“入声字”的含义,并将此与汉语入声的性质进行比较。文中首先对《钦定清汉对音字式》的内容结构进行简介,并对部分学者将该书中的“平声读”“入声读”的标注等同于汉语平声、入声的观点提出质疑。第二部分对该文献中标注“入声读”的词条进行归类分析,从其分布规律出发,找寻其在满文音节上的特点,以及其与注音汉字入声韵、入声调之间的关系,多方面分析“入声读”不同于汉语入声,有其特殊的含义。第三部分通过将标注“平声读”的对音汉字的声调与不含第六元音且没有标注的注音汉字的声调进行比较分析,并参考文献《同文韵统》,指出在该书中的“平声读”的性质可能与汉语中的平声调的性质是相同的,但是标注的“平声读”不是注音汉字的声调。第四部分主要通过《清语易言》中对满文音韵轻重的分布规律与《钦定清汉对音字式》中“平声读”、“入声读”的分布规律进行比较分析,对该书中标出“轻读”、“重读”的部分满文字条的分析,得出“平声读”、“入声读”的标注不是区分满文音韵轻重的标准。最后部分主要分析了相关的《圆音正考·乌扎拉文通序》中“入声字”的含义,通过对序言的解读,将这里的“入声字”与“入声读”进行比较分析,认为这里的“入声字”与汉语入声性质一致,不同于“入声读”的特殊性质。
[Abstract]:This paper probes into the nature of "flat sound reading" and "entering sound reading" under Chinese phonetic characters in Manchu and Han phonetic dictionaries published by Qianlong in 38 years. On the basis of consulting many kinds of documents, classifying 663 single and clear characters listed at the beginning of twelve characters in the text, and investigating the tone of nearly 1300 phonetic Chinese characters, this paper probes into the "flat tone reading" under the phonetic Chinese characters from many angles. This paper discusses the special meaning of "entering sound reading", and discusses the meaning of "entering sound characters" mentioned in the relevant Manchu and Han phonetic data < Round-Pronunciation preface of Wzzaratong, and compares it with the nature of Chinese entering sound. This paper first introduces the content structure of Qinding Qing and Han phonetic style, and questions the viewpoint that some scholars equate the tagging of "flat tone reading" and "entering sound reading" with that in Chinese. In the second part, we classify and analyze the entries in the literature, and find out their characteristics in the Manchu syllable, and the relationship between them and the phonetic characters' rhyme and tone. Different from Chinese, it has its special meaning. In the third part, the tone of the phonetic Chinese character marked "flat sound reading" is compared with that of the phonetic Chinese character without the sixth vowel and without the tagging, and the reference is "the same vowel system". It is pointed out that the nature of "flat tone reading" in this book may be the same as that of Chinese phonetic tone, but the marked "flat tone reading" is not the tone of phonetic Chinese characters. The fourth part mainly through the "Qing language change words" in the Manchu phonology weight distribution law and "Qin Ding Qing Han to the phonetic character type" in "flat sound reading", "enters the sound reading" the distribution rule carries on the comparative analysis, to the book won the bid "light reading". Based on the analysis of some full text bars in stress reading, it is concluded that the marking of "flat tone reading" and "entering sound reading" is not the standard to distinguish the phonology of Manchu. The last part mainly analyzes the meaning of "entering words" in the preface of "Round-phonetic Zhengkao 路Uzaratong", and through the interpretation of the preface, compares the "Interphonic words" with the "Interphonic Reading". It is believed that the character of entering sound is consistent with that of Chinese, which is different from the special character of entering sound reading.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H114

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