周作人:国语改造与理想的国语

发布时间：2018-01-01 08:27

本文关键词：周作人:国语改造与理想的国语　出处：《杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】："五四"时期,周作人虽然重在主张思想革命、提倡"人的文学",但也关心文学语言的变革。他有着比较完整的国语改造方案:第一,他认为汉字汉语有种种缺点,但他不主张废弃汉字采用其他文字。他的汉字改革体现了实用、生存和全民三种价值取向;第二,在解析文言与白话、白话与新文学的关系时,他坚持文字/语言与思想的二元论,由此坚持白话/白话文与新文学/白话文学的二分法,即白话/白话文不能直接通达人的文学、个性的文学、平民的文学;第三,他设想的理想国语是以现代口语为基础,吸纳了文言、方言和外国语的有益分子,熔铸而成的语法趋于严密、语句丰富柔软、适合于表达情感思想的国语。继而提出改造国语的多种路径:采纳古语、采纳方言、采纳新名词以及国语欧化。周作人的国语改造方案以及对理想的国语的想象,背后支撑的意识还是他的中庸思想,平稳、系统、实用和理智是他的中庸观念在国语改造方案上的具体体现。周作人的国语改造方案更像是关于文学语言的调养单方,在今天仍然有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:During the May 4th Movement, Zhou Zuoren focused on the ideological revolution and human literature, but he also cared about the change of literary language. He had a relatively complete national language reform program: first. He believes that Chinese characters have various shortcomings, but he does not advocate the abandonment of other characters. His reform of Chinese characters embodies three value orientations: practicality, survival and the whole people. Second, in the analysis of the relationship between classical Chinese and vernacular, vernacular and new literature, he insisted on the dualism of writing / language and thought, thus insisting on the dichotomy of vernacular / vernacular and new / vernacular / vernacular literature. That is, vernacular / vernacular language can not directly understand human literature, individual literature, civilian literature; Third, his ideal Mandarin language is based on modern spoken language, absorbing the useful elements of classical Chinese, dialects and foreign languages. Suitable for the expression of emotional thoughts of Mandarin. Then put forward a variety of ways to reform the national language: the adoption of ancient language, the adoption of dialects. Adopting new nouns and Europeanization of mandarin. Zhou Zuoren's national language reform plan and his imagination of ideal Mandarin are supported by his sense of moderation, stability and systematicness. Practicality and reason are the concrete embodiment of his concept of the mean in the plan of national language reform. Zhou Zuoren's plan of national language reform is more like the cultivation of literary language, which still has reference significance today.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学中文系;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学研究重大项目“文学视野中中国近现代时期汉语发展的资料整理与研究”(16ZDA185)的研究成果
【分类号】：I206.6
【正文快照】： 在提倡“五四”新文学的群体中,周作人(1884-1967)最初并不着眼于文学语言的改革,而是注重文学中的思想革命。《人的文学》(1918)、《平民的文学》(1919)、《新文学的要求》(1920)、《文学研究会宣言》(1921)、《个性的文学》(1921)、《宗教与文学》(1921)等文无不围绕着“人

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