歌德《浮士德》中的斯芬克斯因子与伦理选择

发布时间：2018-02-10 04:32

本文关键词： 歌德《浮士德》魔鬼文学伦理批评斯芬克斯因子　出处：《外国文学研究》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文从文学伦理学批评视角出发,将歌德的名著《浮士德》置于创作的历史环境中,在18世纪德国伦理环境转变的语境中对论题进行研究,解读浮士德的伦理抉择以及作品所体现的人性因子与兽性因子冲突。文中指出,在歌德笔下,浮士德的人生尽管受到"黑暗冲动"(兽性因子)的影响,但自由意志的张扬也带来了对人类未知潜能的充分发掘,催生出更新、更高层次的需求,这必然导致浮士德从低层次的欲望追求走向越来越高层次的人生体验,因而浮士德逐渐超越低层次兽性因子的影响,转向为全人类的福祉而奋斗,使人性因子的内涵获得极大丰富。最终,新伦理下的浮士德战胜了魔鬼的诱惑,为自己赢得了救赎,兽性因子、人性因子则从二元分离重新走向辩证统一,成为更高层次的斯芬克斯因子。通过分析浮士德的这一成长过程,本文不仅揭示出歌德时代的伦理变迁,也开启了对这部经典名著伦理意义的重新解读。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of literary ethics criticism, this paper puts Goethe's masterpiece Faust in the historical environment of his creation, and studies the topic in the context of the change of German ethical environment in 18th century. Interpretation of Faust's Ethical Choice and the conflict between Human Nature and Behavioral factors embodied in his works, it is pointed out that in Goethe's writings, Faustus's life is influenced by "dark impulses" (animalistic factors). But the publicity of free will has also brought about the full exploitation of the unknown potential of human beings, resulting in the renewal and higher level demand, which will inevitably lead Faust from the pursuit of lower levels of desire to a higher level of life experience. Therefore, Faustus gradually surmounted the influence of low-level animal factors, and turned to struggle for the well-being of all mankind, so that the intension of human nature factor was greatly enriched. Finally, Faustus under the new ethics overcame the temptation of the devil and won salvation for himself. On the other hand, the factors of animal nature and human nature are changed from duality to dialectical unity and become the higher level of Sphinx factor. By analyzing the growth process of Faust, this paper not only reveals the ethical changes of Goethe era. It also opens a new interpretation of the ethical significance of this classic masterpiece.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学外国语学院德语系;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“歌德及其作品汉译研究”(14ZDB091)~~
【分类号】：I516.073

【相似文献】