论萨特存在主义的文学观及其剧作

发布时间：2018-03-14 06:21

  本文选题：萨特　切入点：存在主义　出处：《学术月刊》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：因为存在主义"是一个行动的学说",所以,萨特阐发了一种"介入"文学观。"介入"文学观的要旨有三:什么是写作?为什么写作?为谁写作?在萨特看来,"什么是写作",就是"通过揭露而行动",而"揭露就是变革"。对"为什么写作"这一问题,萨特是从作者与读者的辩证关系上加以解说的。萨特的论述,有着现象学美学的明显成分,他的独特之处,在于他将他的自由理论运用到作者与读者的关系中。对第三个问题"为谁写作?"萨特通过回顾文学史,明白了作品有其时效性,作家有其主要的、特定的读者群,作家及其创作在不同的时代处于不同的历史状态中。这样他虽仍然坚持文学是对于自由的召唤,但社会的、历史的因素却是大大地增强了。他在《什么是文学?》中提出了"处境小说"与"处境戏剧"的概念。这可以说是他对于介入文学的具体设计。萨特的"介入文学"观,其主要的缺点在于:一是不正确地将诗排斥在外,二是它的目的是狭隘的,作出揭露引起变革,只能是文学的一个目的。萨特在其思想历程的第二个阶段中,亦即他的存在主义哲学观形成并通过他的哲学及文学作品发生很大影响的阶段,共创作了六个剧本。综观萨特这六个剧本,可以用三个词对其加以概括:观念化、处境剧、介入文学。观念化,又决定了其剧作的人物必然具有或浓或淡的抽象性。
[Abstract]:Because existentialism is "a doctrine of action", Sartre explains a literary view of "intervention". There are three main tenets of the concept of "intervention" in literature: what is writing? Why writing? For whom? In Sartre's view, "what is writing" means "acting through disclosure" and "disclosure is change". Sartre explains the question of "why to write" from the dialectical relationship between the author and the reader. With the obvious element of phenomenological aesthetics, his uniqueness lies in his application of his theory of freedom to the relationship between the author and the reader. "by reviewing the history of literature, Sartre understands that works have their timeliness, that writers have their main, specific readership, The writer and his works are in different historical conditions at different times. So he still insists that literature is a call to freedom, but the social and historical factors are greatly strengthened. It can be said that this is the concrete design of his intervention in literature. The main drawback of Sartre's view of "intervention literature" lies in: first, the poetry is incorrectly excluded. The second is that its purpose is narrow, and that making revelations to bring about change can only be one of the aims of literature. In the second stage of his ideological process, Sartre, In other words, his philosophy of existentialism was formed and influenced greatly by his philosophy and literary works, and he wrote six plays, which can be summed up in three words: conceptualization and situational drama. The conceptualization of literature determines the abstract nature of the characters in his plays.
【作者单位】： 苏州大学东吴国学研究院;
【分类号】：I565.073
，

本文编号：1610018