论万比洛夫作品中的悖谬意识

发布时间：2018-04-14 01:16

本文选题：万比洛夫 + 悖谬　；参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：万比洛夫的作品具有独特的悖谬美学,无论在其早期的短篇故事还是之后的戏剧作品中,悖谬都是一个显在的创作特征。悖谬作为万比洛夫作品情节结构的内在手法,亦是其幽默和喜剧风格的重要来源。在万比洛夫的短篇小说中,故事的叙述者与隐含作者之间产生了一定的"间离",某种程度上形成了韦恩·布斯所说的"不可靠叙述",这种由叙事上所呈现出的悖谬状态营造了独特的反讽效果。在其戏剧创作中,万比洛夫通过怪诞表现手法的运用,在突显悖谬的同时,亦呈现出绝妙的反讽意味。怪诞作为一种美学风格,在结构化的功能意义上具有双重性,它以解构的策略来建构一个疏离异化的世界,它提供一种全新的眼光来重新审视充满悖谬的现实世界,尽管这种眼光可能是怪异的、令人不安的,但却是清醒的、真实可靠的。悖谬作为万比洛夫观照现实生活的特殊视角,同时也是对于苏联那一特定的历史转折时期充满荒诞性的社会本质所作出的深刻阐释。"解冻"思潮过后,面对后斯大林时期的极权统治,人们再也无法以真诚的理想和热情投入到国家乌托邦神话的建构之中,生活在谎言中的人们陷入了信任危机,普遍的虚伪与麻木支撑起了苏联"后专制时期"充满滑稽感与荒诞性的生活。万比洛夫通过"环形布局"的戏剧结构暗示了这种悖谬与荒诞,其戏剧结构间接参与了作品意义的生成。无根性和多余性构成了万比洛夫笔下现代青年的主要特征,然而通过"寻父"这一主题的呈现,万比洛夫的剧作中不时传递着一种追寻意识,一种契诃夫式的希望。万比洛夫作品中的悖谬意识也体现出一种反乌托邦的精神。在万比洛夫笔下,城市被视为现代科技高度发达的象征,但科技的发达与现代化生活方式的舒适便捷在这里完全走向了它的反面,呈现出一定的悖谬性。而乡村大自然作为远距离的审美观照,是万比洛夫审视现代城市文明的特殊视角。如果说国家乌托邦主义神话的建构依托的是高度发达的科学技术的话,那么极权主义的话语模式便是它最重要也是最根本的保障。万比洛夫在对科技进步所带来的现代化生活方式进行反思与批判的同时,也以反乌托邦的姿态将官方意识形态和极权话语模式作了解构与颠覆。万比洛夫以敏锐的目光洞穿了官方文学其内在的悖谬之处,在"科技革命"口号之下所诞生的"生产题材"文学的繁荣并不能掩盖苏联这一时期"停滞"的本质。同时,通过"戏仿"这一手法的运用,万比洛夫对极权主义话语及其"真理"的建构方式进行了强有力的颠覆。与极权主义国家颠扑不破实则荒谬的"真理"相反,悖谬所采用的却是一种"表面上荒谬而实际上真实的陈述"。万比洛夫正是通过其文本中悖谬意识的呈现,在解构极权主义话语方式的同时亦巧妙地达到了文学本身的诉求。
[Abstract]:Wanbirov's works have unique paradoxical aesthetics. In both his early short stories and later dramatic works, paradoxes are an obvious creative feature.As an internal technique of the plot structure of Wanbirov's works, paradox is also an important source of humor and comedy style.In Wanbirov's short stories,The narrator of the story and the implied author produced a certain "distance", which to some extent formed the "unreliable narration" described by Wayne Booth, which created a unique ironic effect by the paradoxical state of narration.In his drama creation, Wan Birov, through the use of grotesque expression, not only highlights the paradox, but also presents a brilliant irony.As a kind of aesthetic style, grotesque has dual character in the sense of structuring function. It constructs a alienated world with deconstruction strategy, and it provides a new vision to re-examine the real world full of paradoxes.While the look may be strange and disturbing, it is sober and authentic.As a special visual angle of Wanbirov's view of real life, the paradox is also a profound explanation of the absurd nature of society in that particular historical turning period of the Soviet Union. "After thawing the trend of thought, in the face of the post-Stalin period of totalitarian rule, people can no longer engage in the construction of the national utopian myth with sincere ideals and enthusiasm, and people living in lies fall into a crisis of trust.Universal hypocrisy and numbness underpin the post-autocratic period of Soviet life full of antics and absurdity.Wanbirov implied this paradox and absurdity through the dramatic structure of "ring layout", whose dramatic structure indirectly participated in the creation of the meaning of the work.Rootlessness and redundancy constitute the main characteristics of modern youth in Wanbirov's works. However, through the theme of "seeking Father", Wanbirov's plays sometimes convey a sense of pursuit, a kind of Chekhov's hope.The paradoxical consciousness in Wanbirov's works also embodies a kind of dystopian spirit.In Wanbirov's works, the city is regarded as the symbol of the high development of modern science and technology, but the development of science and technology and the comfort and convenience of the modern way of life go completely to its opposite here, showing a certain paradox.Rural nature, as a long-distance aesthetic view, is a special perspective for Wanbirov to examine modern urban civilization.If the construction of the national utopian myth is based on highly developed science and technology, then the totalitarian discourse mode is the most important and the most fundamental guarantee.While reviewing and criticizing the modern way of life brought about by the progress of science and technology, Wanbirov deconstructed and subverted the official ideology and totalitarian discourse mode in a dystopian manner.Wanbirov pierced the inherent paradoxes of official literature with keen eyes. The prosperity of "production theme" literature born under the slogan of "technological revolution" could not conceal the essence of "stagnation" in this period of Soviet Union.At the same time, through the use of parody, Wanbilov subverts the totalitarian discourse and its way of constructing truth.Contrary to the "truth" of the totalitarian state, which is absurd, the paradox adopts a kind of "seemingly absurd but actually true statement".It is through the appearance of paradoxical consciousness in his text that Wanbirov destructs the totalitarian discourse mode and skillfully achieves the demands of literature itself.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I512.06

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