《女勇士》中复调艺术手法与主题建构关系研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 16:57

【摘要】：在华裔美国作家中,汤亭亭无疑是20世纪70年代后期以来最令人瞩目的作家之一,被认为是华裔美籍作家中的领军人物。其代表作《女勇士》自问世以来,取得了巨大的成功,被誉为“华裔美国文学发展过程中的一座重要的里程碑”,曾被授予全国图书奖。汤亭亭在艺术手法上的探索和创新,在《女勇士》中得到了淋漓尽致的体现,其艺术表现手法的多样性和生动性令人惊叹。全书共有五个章节,每一部分既可以独立成章,又与其他章节紧密相连,整部小说就像一场声势浩大的对话,各种思想意识之间相互独立,却又彼此融合。汤亭亭巧妙且颇有成效地对复调艺术手法的运用深入揭示了《女勇士》所蕴含的深邃的思想内容,使小说在艺术形式上具有非凡的魅力。在《女勇士》中,汤亭亭使用了独特的叙述方式。整篇故事有两个叙述者,母亲及作者本人。通过这两位叙述者与其他人物的对话将故事的各个层面逐一展开,母女对话,姐妹对话,作者与改编故事人物之间的对话,作者自己与自己的对话,等等。其中母女对话贯穿整部作品,并将其他对话联系在一起,使整部作品浑然一体。与此同时,各个人物都是故事中独立的一员。因此,很明显,《女勇士》是一部复调小说。复调小说理论是前苏联著名文艺学家、文艺理论家、批评家巴赫金对陀思妥耶夫斯基小说基本特征的概括。巴赫金认为陀思妥耶夫斯基创作的长篇小说是“多声部性”、“全面对话”的,即复调小说。巴赫金指出,真正的复调是由具有充分价值的不同声音、不同意识组成的,而这些声音和意识各自独立而又不互相融合。巴赫金强调,在复调小说作品里,不是众多性格和命运在作者统一的意识支配下层层展开,小说中的各个人物是平等的,而且主人公对自己、对世界的议论,同作者的议论,具有同样的分量和价值,也就是说,主人公是自由的人而不是无声的奴隶,他们能够同作者并肩而立,能够不同意甚至能反抗作者的意见。而汤亭亭的《女勇士》的新奇之处就在于作者让几个人物都以叙述者的身份平等地发出了自己的声音,形成了“多声部”“全面对话”的复调式结构,因此,该作品无论是从结构上还是从主题上看,都具有明显的复调性。本论文除简介、结论之外,还有四章。简介部分介绍了作家汤亭亭的生平和作品,《女勇士》的主要内容以及国内外对《女勇士》的学术研究成果和本研究的意义。第一章系统地论述了巴赫金的复调小说理论,包括这一理论基本概念、主要特征以及艺术表现形式。第二章到第四章以复调理论为基础,着重分析了《女勇士》中复调艺术手法的具体表现以及复调与主题建构之间的关系。第二章对在汤婷婷与其改写的人物(花木兰和蔡琰)之间的大型对话中所体现出的主题进行了详细探究,包括现实中种族歧视与性别歧视并存以及对理想中的文化融合的追求。第三章对人物之间的大型对话中所体现出的美国化进行了详细探究。通过母女之间、姐妹之间的对话,美国化对华裔的冲击以及在美国化过程中所产生的一些机遇和挑战都得以淋漓尽致地展现。第四章详细探究了前两章所研究的主题在作者意识之间的微型对话中的深化。最后为结语部分,进一步综述了汤亭亭《女勇士》中的复调艺术手法与主题建构的关系及其意义。
[Abstract]:Among the Chinese American writers, Maxine Kingston is undoubtedly one of the most remarkable writers since the late 1970s and is regarded as a leading figure among the Chinese American writers. Her masterpiece, The Woman Warrior, has achieved great success since its publication, and has been praised as an important milestone in the development of Chinese American literature. It is awarded the National Book Award. Maxine Kingston's exploration and innovation in artistic techniques are vividly reflected in The Woman Warrior. Maxine Kingston's skillful and fruitful use of polyphonic techniques reveals the profound ideological content contained in Woman Warrior, which makes the novel attractive in artistic form. In Woman Warrior, Maxine Kingston uses a unique narrative style. There are two narrators in the whole story, the mother and the author themselves. Through the dialogue between the two narrators and other characters, the story will be unfolded one by one, mother-daughter dialogue, sister dialogue, the dialogue between the author and the adapted characters, the dialogue between the author and himself, and so on. At the same time, each character is an independent member of the story. Therefore, it is obvious that Woman Warrior is a polyphonic novel. Bakhtin points out that true polyphony is composed of different voices and different consciousness with full value, which are independent of each other and do not merge with each other. Bakhtin emphasizes that in polyphonic novels, polyphonic novels are composed of different voices and different consciousness with full value. The characters in the novel are equal, and the protagonists'comments on themselves, the world and the author have the same weight and value. In other words, the protagonists are free men, not silent slaves, and they can live side by side with the author. The novelty of Kingston's Woman Warrior lies in the fact that the author allows several characters to voice their voices equally as narrators, forming a polyphonic structure of "multi-voice" and "full dialogue". Therefore, the work is structurally and thematically oriented. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, there are four chapters in this paper. In the introduction part, the author Maxine Kingston's life and works, the main contents of The Woman Warrior, the academic research achievements of the Woman Warrior at home and abroad and the significance of this study are introduced. The first chapter systematically discusses Bakhtin's polyphonic novel theory, including this theory. Chapter two to chapter four, based on polyphony theory, focuses on the concrete expression of Polyphony in Woman Warrior and the relationship between polyphony and theme construction. Chapter Three explores in detail the Americanization embodied in the dialogue between the characters. Through the dialogue between mother and daughter, between sisters, the impact of Americanization on Chinese Americans and in the United States. Chapter 4 explores in detail the deepening of the themes studied in the previous two chapters in the micro-dialogue between the author's consciousness. Finally, it summarizes the relationship and significance between the polyphonic techniques and thematic construction in Kingston's Woman Warrior.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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