从英国戏剧看英国对法国大革命的态度

发布时间：2018-09-05 07:51

【摘要】：戏剧作为一种文学形式,兼具娱乐和教化的双重作用;而在18世纪的英国,戏剧尤其具有强烈的政治性。以英王为代表的社会上层权威的维持,很大程度上依赖于对权力的“展示”,比如群众游行、宗教仪式、检阅军队等活动;另一方面,底层民众又往往以诸如仪式化的骚乱、焚烧人物肖像等“表演”方式表达自己的抗议。伦敦戏剧舞台正处于这种政治文化的中心,戏剧的创作、演出和观赏不止作为商业性的消遣活动,更能传达出丰富的政治内涵。法国大革命的爆发,不仅对18世纪末19世纪初的英国社会造成巨大冲击,刺激了其国内激进运动的高涨和保守主义的反弹,并陷入与法国的长期战争冲突中;更深刻影响了这一时期英国的戏剧创作和剧院生态,对传统戏剧中呈现的政治文化提出了巨大挑战。新作品重构了统治者与被治者的关系,消解了贵族精英的“天然”权威并对究竟谁应在国家政治舞台占据中心角色这一根本问题提出了拷问。英国戏剧舞台与同时期活跃的报纸、书刊、政治性小册子等一起,成为大革命时期英国社会各界民众了解革命进程、表达思想观点、进行政治宣传、辩论的重要渠道之一,政治上的激进改革派和保守派,甚至小皮特政府都开始重视伦敦戏剧舞台的作用并对其加以利用。本文正是以法国大革命时期(1789-1794)英国的戏剧舞台为主线,通过分析法国大革命影响下英国戏剧创作与表演出现的变化,来研究英国国内政治以及英法关系的发展。首先,文章对18世纪伦敦剧院的发展情况以及英国戏剧的政治属性作了背景式梳理;其次,对不同时期出现的一些与革命相关的戏剧作品作了介绍和分析;最后,将戏剧舞台与英国国内政治、英法关系联系起来,说明英国戏剧如此表现法国革命背后的社会政治动因。社会存在决定社会意识,大革命时期的英国戏剧舞台正是动荡历史时代政治现实的反映。
[Abstract]:Drama, as a literary form, plays a dual role of entertainment and enlightenment, while in 18 th century in England, drama has a strong political nature. The maintenance of the authority of the upper class, represented by the King of England, depends to a large extent on the "display" of power, such as mass processions, religious ceremonies, military inspections, etc. On the other hand, people at the bottom of the society often use riots such as ritualization. Burn portraits and other "performances" to express their protest. The London theatrical stage is at the center of this political culture. The creation, performance and viewing of drama not only serve as commercial pastimes, but also convey rich political connotations. The outbreak of the French Revolution not only caused a great impact on the British society at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, stimulated the upsurge of its domestic radical movement and the rebound of conservatism, but also plunged into the long war conflict with France. It deeply influenced the drama creation and theatre ecology in this period, and challenged the political culture in the traditional drama. The new works reconstruct the relationship between the ruler and the governed, dispel the "natural" authority of the aristocratic elite and question the fundamental question of who should occupy the central role in the national political stage. The British dramatic stage, together with the active newspapers, books and political pamphlets of the same period, became one of the important channels for people from all walks of life in Britain to understand the revolutionary process, express their ideological views, carry out political propaganda and debate during the Great Revolution. Politically radical reformists and conservatives, and even the little Pitt government, have taken advantage of the role of the London stage. This paper takes the stage of British drama during the French Revolution (1789-1794) as the main line and studies the development of British domestic politics and the relationship between Britain and France through the analysis of the changes in British drama creation and performance under the influence of the French Revolution. Firstly, the article introduces the development of the London Theatre in the 18th century and the political attributes of the British drama. Secondly, it introduces and analyzes some revolutionary drama works in different periods. Linking the drama stage with the British domestic politics and the relationship between Britain and France, it shows that the British drama shows the social and political motivation behind the French revolution. Social existence determines social consciousness, and the stage of British drama during the Great Revolution is the reflection of political reality in turbulent historical times.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.073

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